Fig. 1.

Examples of driver mutations in KRAS-driven cancer. a KRas is the most highly mutated Ras isoform in cancer. Among the oncogenic mutations at the active site, Gly12 is the most highly populated (89%). Gly13 (9%) and Gln61 (1%) (large pie at the top left corner) display lower frequencies. For Gly12, the proportions of occurrences of six different driver mutations, G12D, G12V, G12C, G12A, G12S, and G12R, are shown for 14 different cell/tissue types. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the total number of mutated samples taken from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. Gly12 alterations also include rare mutations, such as G12E, G12F, G12I, etc. b Distributions of a mutated sample of seven tissue types, the large intestine (LI), pancreas (PA), lung (LU), ovary (OV), biliary tract (BT), endometrium (EN), and hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue (HL) for the three major KRas Gly12 driver mutations, G12D, G12V, and G12C (left panel), and three minor mutations, G12A, G12S, and G12R (right panel)