Table 3.
Variations of clinical and patient-reported outcomes in relation to CoQ10 supplementation.
Variations of different clinical and patient-reported outcomes (range of scales is reported) after CoQ10 supplementation along with IFN-β1a, compared with IFN-β1a alone. Clinical measures repeated within each individual at baseline and after 3 and 6 months were included in mixed-effect linear regression models where we set an interaction term between time and treatment period (post-CoQ10 supplementation visit was at 3 months in Group 1, and at 6 months in Group 2). Coefficients (Coeff), 95% CI and p values are reported (p < 0.05 is presented as *).
| Secondary endpoints | Coeff | 95% CI |
p values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | |||
| Clinical outcomes | ||||
| EDSS (0–10) | −0.227 | −0.438 | 0.015 | 0.036* |
| Naïve patients | 0.014 | −0.251 | 0.222 | 0.915 |
| Patient-reported outcomes | ||||
| MSNQ (0–60) | 1.946 | −3.655 | 7.548 | 0.496 |
| FSS (9–63) | −4.527 | −9.424 | −1.368 | 0.027* |
| BDI (0–63) | −3.544 | −7.212 | −1.124 | 0.022* |
| VAS for pain (0–10) | −1.318 | −2.691 | −0.054 | 0.049* |
| VAS for headache (0–10) | −0.909 | −2.359 | 0.541 | 0.219 |
BDI, Beck’s depression inventory; CI, confidence interval; CoQ10, coenzyme Q10; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; FSS, fatigue severity scale; IFN-β1a, interferon-beta1a; MSNQ, multiple sclerosis neuropsychological questionnaire; VAS, visual analogue scale.