Table 4.
Associations between child and maternal physical activity levels, and influence of temporal and demographic factors
| Sedentary time | Moderate to vigorous physical activity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β [95% C.I.] (minutes per day) |
p-Value | β [95% C.I.] (minutes per day) |
p-Value | |
| Average daily activitya | 0.23 [0.20,0.26] | < 0.001 | 0.53 [0.43,0.64] | < 0.001 |
| Interaction terms | ||||
| Sex | −0.03 [− 0.09,0.03] | 0.276 | − 0.30 [− 0.50,-0.09] | 0.004 |
| Age mother left full-time education (ref < 16 years) | ||||
| 17–18 years | 0.06 [−0.01,0.13] | 0.118 | −0.07 [− 0.30,0.17] | 0.583 |
| > 18 years | − 0.02 [− 0.10,0.06] | 0.652 | −0.01 [− 0.27,0.24] | 0.920 |
| Siblings (ref: none) | ||||
| Younger only | −0.02 [− 0.10,0.06] | 0.581 | 0.24 [− 0.04,0.52] | 0.089 |
| Older only | 0.09 [0.01,0.16] | 0.025 | 0.12 [−0.13,0.36] | 0.346 |
| Older and younger | 0.09 [−0.04,0.22] | 0.171 | 0.53 [0.12,0.94] | 0.012 |
| Time of the week (ref: weekday) | 0.07 [0.02,0.12] | 0.009 | 0.44 [0.24,0.64] | < 0.001 |
| Season (ref: winter) | ||||
| Spring | −0.01 [−0.10,0.08] | 0.963 | −0.48 [− 0.82,-0.14] | 0.005 |
| Summer | 0.03 [−0.06,0.12] | 0.715 | −0.01 [− 0.35,0.34] | 0.965 |
| Autumn | 0.03 [−0.05,0.12] | 0.784 | −0.13 [− 0.46,0.20] | 0.444 |
| Association by time of dayb | ||||
| Morning (6 am–9 am) | 0.44 [0.40,0.49] | < 0.001 | 0.15[0.13,0.16] | < 0.001 |
| School (9 am-3 pm) | 0.06 [0.03,0.10] | < 0.001 | 0.02 [0.01,0.03] | < 0.001 |
| Evening (3-11 pm) | 0.40 [0.35,0.44] | < 0.001 | 0.06 [0.04,0.07] | < 0.001 |
β beta regression coefficient, 95% C.I. 95% confidence interval; a models adjusted for child sex, weight status, age mother left full-time education, siblings at home, time of the week and season; b weekdays only, models adjusted for child sex, weight status, age mother left full-time education, siblings at home, and season