Table 4.
Difference-in-differences estimates of the effect of JGY implementation on health facilities (PHCs)
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity | Generator | Deep freezer | Ice-lined refrigerator | Cold box | Vaccine carrier | Delivery room | Operating table | Delivery table | Examination table | |
| Post*Gujarat (JGY program effect) | 0.127*** (0.050–0.204) | − 0.215*** (− 0.373 to − 0.056) | 0.065** (0.012–0.118) | 0.052** (0.003–0.101) | 0.058** (0.003–0.114) | 0.066** (0.010–0.123) | 0.060 (− 0.012–0.131) | 0.103** (0.010–0.197) | 0.060** (0.003–0.117) | 0.011 (− 0.046–0.068) |
| Gujarat | − 0.045*** (− 0.061 to − 0.029) | 0.326*** (0.265–0.388) | − 0.082*** (− 0.099 to − 0.065) | − 0.023 (− 0.054–0.008) | − 0.077*** (− 0.093 to − 0.062) | − 0.326*** (− 0.376 to − 0.276) | − 0.005 (− 0.024–0.014) | − 0.424*** (− 0.465 to − 0.383) | − 0.108*** (− 0.128 to − 0.088) | − 0.088*** (− 0.109 to − 0.067) |
| Post (interview in 2007–2008) | 0.228** (0.050–0.406) | 0.241* (− 0.044–.526) | − 0.023 (− 0.127–0.081) | − 0.163*** (− 0.280 to − 0.047) | 0.029 (− 0.042–0.099) | 0.008 (− 0.112–0.127) | 0.068 (− 0.056–0.192) | 0.007 (− 0.119–0.133) | − 0.001 (− 0.122–0.120) | − 0.028 (− 0.153–0.097) |
| Semi-pucca building | 0.027 (− 0.011–0.066) | 0.005 (− 0.126–0.136) | 0.041 (− 0.017–0.100) | − 0.001 (− 0.072–0.071) | 0.035 (− 0.030–0.100) | − 0.285*** (− 0.322 to − 0.247) | 0.196*** (0.060–0.332) | 0.079 (− 0.025–0.184) | 0.023 (− 0.038–0.084) | 0.011 (− 0.066–0.088) |
| Pucca building | 0.063*** (0.025–0.102) | 0.029 (− 0.105–0.163) | 0.063*** (0.021–0.106) | 0.039 (− 0.025–0.104) | 0.048* (− 0.008–0.104) | − 0.272*** (− 0.291 to − 0.253) | 0.247*** (0.125–0.370) | 0.172*** (0.075–0.270) | 0.054* (− 0.003–0.111) | 0.019 (− 0.063–0.101) |
| Piped water | 0.033*** (0.012–0.055) | 0.017 (− 0.036–0.070) | 0.026* (− 0.001–0.054) | 0.011 (− 0.022–0.043) | 0.008 (− 0.018–0.035) | 0.007 (− 0.026–0.041) | 0.047** (0.009–0.085) | 0.018 (− 0.012–0.049) | 0.025** (0.004–0.046) | 0.010 (− 0.018–0.039) |
| Toilet | 0.099*** (0.077–0.121) | 0.195*** (0.127–0.263) | 0.052*** (0.024–0.079) | 0.047** (0.008–0.087) | 0.049*** (0.012–0.085) | 0.037*** (0.011–0.064) | 0.434*** (0.382–0.485) | 0.412*** (0.352–0.472) | 0.126*** (0.103–0.149) | 0.081*** (0.049–0.112) |
| Observations | 1183 | 1803 | 1468 | 1519 | 1384 | 793 | 1816 | 1756 | 1739 | 1610 |
Reported coefficients are probit marginal effects. Standard errors clustered at the district level. 95% confidence intervals in parentheses. Regressions include district fixed effects, interview year fixed effects, and district-level pre-JGY health status interacted with interview year dummies. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1