Table 6.
Effect of JGY implementation on health services utilization—child immunization
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPT | Polio | BCG | Measles | |||
| First dose | All doses | First dose | All doses | |||
| Post*Gujarat (JGY program effect) | 0.074*** (0.030–0.118) | 0.035 (− 0.015–0.085) | 0.038** (0.000–0.076) | 0.036* (− 0.005–0.077) | 0.064*** (0.027–0.102) | 0.122*** (0.057–0.187) |
| Gujarat | − 0.025 (− 0.076–0.026) | − 0.140*** (− 0.206 to − 0.073) | 0.025 (− 0.022–0.073) | − 0.082** (− 0.149 to − 0.016) | − 0.056** (− 0.109 to − 0.004) | 0.070 (− 0.037–0.177) |
| Post (birth in 2007–2008) | − 0.075 (− 0.204–0.053) | − 0.317*** (− 0.495 to − 0.140) | 0.064 (− 0.044–0.172) | − 0.231*** (− 0.398 to − 0.064) | 0.125* (− 0.016–0.265) | − 0.166 (− 0.430–0.099) |
| Age in months | 0.015*** (0.013–0.017) | 0.024*** (0.022–0.027) | 0.013*** (0.011–0.015) | 0.025*** (0.022–0.027) | 0.009*** (0.007–0.011) | 0.038*** (0.035–0.040) |
| Mother’s age at birth | 0.003*** (0.001–0.005) | 0.006*** (0.003–0.008) | 0.002** (0.000–0.004) | 0.005*** (0.002–0.007) | 0.004*** (0.001–0.006) | 0.004*** (0.002–0.007) |
| Mother’s years of schooling | 0.006*** (0.004–0.008) | 0.005*** (0.002–0.008) | 0.004*** (0.001–0.006) | 0.004*** (0.002–0.007) | 0.007*** (0.005–0.009) | 0.004*** (0.001–0.008) |
| Father’s years of schooling | 0.004*** (0.002–0.006) | 0.003** (0.001–0.005) | 0.003*** (0.001–0.005) | 0.004*** (0.002–0.006) | 0.004*** (0.002–0.006) | 0.005*** (0.003–0.007) |
| Birth order | − 0.013*** (− 0.019 to − 0.006) | − 0.009** (− 0.016 to − 0.002) | − 0.010*** (− 0.016 to − 0.005) | − 0.003 (− 0.011–0.005) | − 0.008*** (− 0.015 to − 0.002) | − 0.016*** (− 0.024 to − 0.008) |
| Multiple birth | 0.030 (− 0.049–0.109) | − 0.054 (− 0.166–0.058) | 0.042 (− 0.031–0.115) | 0.002 (− 0.100–0.103) | 0.009 (− 0.049–0.066) | − 0.030 (− 0.152–0.092) |
| Age of the head | 0.000 (− 0.000–0.001) | 0.000 (− 0.001–0.001) | − 0.000 (− 0.001–0.000) | 0.000 (− 0.001–0.001) | − 0.000 (− 0.001–0.000) | − 0.000 (− 0.001–0.000) |
| Female head | 0.014 (− 0.017–0.044) | − 0.016 (− 0.053–0.022) | 0.005 (− 0.023–0.033) | − 0.004 (− 0.038–0.030) | 0.001 (− 0.033–0.036) | 0.003 (− 0.045–0.050) |
| Household size | − 0.002 (− 0.005–0.001) | − 0.001 (− 0.004–0.002) | − 0.000 (− 0.003–0.002) | − 0.002 (− 0.005–0.001) | − 0.001 (− 0.003–0.001) | − 0.001 (− 0.004–0.003) |
| Standard of living index | − 0.001 (− 0.003–0.001) | 0.002*** (0.001–0.004) | − 0.003*** (−0.004 to − 0.001) | 0.001 (− 0.000–0.003) | − 0.001 (− 0.002–0.001) | − 0.002** (− 0.004 to − 0.000) |
| Distance to nearest health facility | 0.000 (− 0.002–0.002) | −0.001 (− 0.003–0.001) | 0.000 (− 0.002–0.002) | 0.001 (− 0.001–0.003) | − 0.002** (−0.004 to − 0.000) | 0.002 (− 0.001–0.004) |
| Observations | 8988 | 8285 | 9044 | 8302 | 8792 | 8980 |
Reported coefficients are probit marginal effects. Regressions include religion and social group dummies, district fixed effects, birth year fixed effects, and district-level pre-JGY health status interacted with birth year dummies. Standard errors clustered at the district level. 95% confidence intervals in parentheses. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1