Table 7.
Effect of JGY implementation on health services utilization—maternal health
| VARIABLES | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At least one ANC check-up | At least three ANC check-ups | ANC check-up in the first trimester | Delivery in health facility | Delivery in public facility | Delivery in private facility | |
| Post*Gujarat (JGY program effect) | − 0.005 (− 0.050–0.040) | 0.038 (− 0.022–0.098) | 0.095*** (0.023–0.166) | − 0.009 (− 0.058–0.039) | 0.042 (− 0.009–0.094) | − 0.026 (− 0.077–0.025) |
| Gujarat | − 0.225*** (−0.269 to − 0.180) | − 0.225*** (− 0.298 to − 0.152) | − 0.164*** (− 0.236 to − 0.092) | 0.080*** (0.021–0.139) | 0.133*** (0.080–0.185) | − 0.036 (− 0.098–0.027) |
| Post (delivery in 2007–2008) | 0.027 (− 0.097–0.150) | − 0.020 (− 0.207–0.167) | 0.151* (− 0.028–0.329) | − 0.023 (− 0.197–0.150) | 0.001 (− 0.146–0.148) | −0.073 (− 0.231–0.085) |
| Age at delivery | 0.012*** (0.005–0.019) | 0.023*** (0.009–0.036) | 0.013* (− 0.001–0.028) | 0.008 (− 0.009–0.025) | 0.006 (− 0.008–0.021) | 0.001 (− 0.016–0.017) |
| Age squared | − 0.000** (− 0.000 to − 0.000) | − 0.000*** (− 0.001 to − 0.000) | − 0.000 (− 0.000–0.000) | 0.000 (− 0.000–0.000) | − 0.000 (− 0.000–0.000) | 0.000 (− 0.000–0.000) |
| Total number of births | − 0.018*** (− 0.025 to − 0.011) | − 0.034*** (− 0.044 to − 0.024) | − 0.035*** (− 0.046 to − 0.025) | − 0.070*** (− 0.079 to − 0.062) | − 0.022*** (− 0.031 to − 0.013) | − 0.052*** (− 0.060 to − 0.044) |
| Years of schooling | 0.015*** (0.012–0.017) | 0.021*** (0.018–0.024) | 0.018*** (0.015–0.021) | 0.022*** (0.018–0.025) | 0.006*** (0.003–0.009) | 0.016*** (0.013–0.018) |
| Husband’s years of schooling | 0.002* (− 0.000–0.003) | 0.002* (− 0.000–0.003) | 0.003*** (0.001–0.006) | 0.002** (0.000–0.004) | 0.000 (− 0.001–0.002) | 0.002*** (0.001–0.003) |
| Age of the head | 0.000 (− 0.000–0.001) | 0.001*** (0.000–0.001) | 0.000 (− 0.000–0.001) | 0.000 (− 0.000–0.001) | 0.000(− 0.001–0.001) | 0.000 (− 0.000–0.001) |
| Female head | 0.034* (− 0.001–0.069) | 0.005 (− 0.043–0.054) | − 0.036* (− 0.079–0.007) | 0.009 (− 0.031–0.048) | 0.000 (− 0.032–0.032) | 0.002 (− 0.025–0.030) |
| Household size | − 0.001 (− 0.004–0.001) | − 0.004** (− 0.008 to − 0.001) | − 0.003 (− 0.007–0.001) | − 0.004** (− 0.007 to − 0.001) | 0.001 (− 0.003–0.004) | − 0.004*** (− 0.006 to − 0.002) |
| Standard of living index | 0.004*** (0.002–0.005) | 0.007*** (0.005–0.010) | 0.005*** (0.003–0.007) | 0.006*** (0.004–0.007) | − 0.006*** (− 0.007 to − 0.004) | 0.009*** (0.007–0.011) |
| Distance to nearest facility | − 0.001 (− 0.004–0.001) | − 0.001 (− 0.003–0.002) | − 0.001 (− 0.005–0.002) | − 0.003** (−0.006 to − 0.000) | − 0.004*** (− 0.006 to − 0.002) | 0.001 (− 0.001–0.004) |
| Observations | 9455 | 9503 | 9426 | 9503 | 9503 | 9503 |
Reported coefficients are probit marginal effects. Regressions include religion and social group dummies, district fixed effects, delivery year fixed effects, and district-level pre-JGY health status interacted with delivery year dummies. Standard errors clustered at the district level. 95% confidence intervals in parentheses. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1