Table 5.
Drug use in people living in a nursing home or at home by age groups
| Drug groups | Age 70–79 years n = 27,610 | Age 80–89 years n = 18,668 | Age ≥ 90 years n = 4979 | Chi-square test for trend in proportion | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H | NH | H | NH | H | NH | p-valuea | p-valueb | ||||
| % | % | RR (95% CI) | % | % | RR (95% CI) | % | % | RR (95% CI) | |||
| Opioids | 20.4 | 51.0 | 2.5 (2.2, 2.8) | 25.0 | 42.8 | 1.7 (1.6, 1.8) | 28.4 | 48.5 | 1.7 (1.6, 1.9) | < 0.01 | 0.71 |
| Paracetamol | 14.0 | 68.3 | 4.9 (4.5, 5.3) | 21.7 | 70.0 | 3.2 (3.1, 3.4) | 31.6 | 75.5 | 2.4 (2.3, 2.6) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| Antiepileptic drugs | 3.9 | 20.8 | 5.4 (4.3, 6.8) | 4.2 | 9.4 | 2.2 (1.8, 2.7) | 3.5 | 6.0 | 1.7 (1.3, 2.4) | 0.84 | < 0.01 |
| Dopaminergic agents | 1.4 | 7.4 | 5.3 (3.5, 7.9) | 1.6 | 4.7 | 2.9 (2.1, 3.8) | 1.0 | 2.0 | 2.2 (1.3, 3.7) | 0.48 | < 0.01 |
| Antipsychotics | 3.8 | 25.0 | 6.7 (5.5, 8.2) | 4.3 | 18.4 | 4.3 (3.7, 5.0) | 4.4 | 13.5 | 3.1 (2.5, 3.8) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| Anxiolytics | 14.7 | 54.5 | 3.7 (3.3, 4.1) | 17.8 | 49.6 | 2.8 (2.6, 3.0) | 19.8 | 45.2 | 1.8 (1.6, 1.9) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| Hypnotics/sedatives | 24.0 | 48.1 | 2.0 (1.8, 2.3) | 33.1 | 49.7 | 1.5 (1.4, 1.6) | 41.0 | 49.0 | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) | < 0.01 | 0.95 |
| Antidepressants | 10.1 | 39.7 | 4.0 (3.4, 4.6) | 12.5 | 33.8 | 2.7 (2.5, 3.0) | 13.3 | 26.8 | 2.0 (1.8, 2.3) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| Antidementia drugs | 1.1 | 13.5 | 12.4 (9.2, 16.8) | 3.1 | 15.3 | 16.1 (14.1, 18.5) | 3.4 | 6.7 | 2.0 (1.5, 2.6) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| Cardiac glycosides | 1.8 | 2.9 | 1.6 (0.9, 3.1) | 4.6 | 5.0 | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 7.1 | 7.7 | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| Cardiac nitrates | 5.1 | 9.9 | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) | 9.7 | 12.9 | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) | 14.6 | 19.8 | 0.9 (0.9, 1.0) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| Loop diuretics | 8.3 | 25.3 | 3.1 (2.5, 3.7) | 18.4 | 27.9 | 1.5 (1.4, 1.7) | 33.1 | 37.7 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| Other diuretics | 5.7 | 2.2 | 0.4 (0.2, 0.8) | 7.8 | 2.4 | 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) | 8.4 | 3.6 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6) | < 0.01 | 0.12 |
| Beta-blockers | 25.3 | 21.2 | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) | 33.2 | 25.0 | 0.8 (0.7, 0.8) | 37.6 | 25.8 | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | < 0.01 | 0.14 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 17.6 | 6.4 | 0.4 (0.2, 0.6) | 21.9 | 9.9 | 0.5 (0.4, 0.5) | 23.1 | 9.0 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) | < 0.01 | 0.42 |
| Renin–angiotensin | 40.1 | 20.8 | 0.5 (0.4, 0.6) | 42.7 | 19.3 | 0.5 (0.4, 0.5) | 40.6 | 17.0 | 0.4 (0.4, 0.5) | < 0.01 | 0.09 |
| Statins | 37.0 | 14.4 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) | 35.2 | 5.9 | 0.2 (0.1, 0.2) | 20.0 | 2.9 | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| Antithrombotic agents | 41.7 | 39.4 | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 53.9 | 45.9 | 0.9 (0.8, 0.9) | 58.5 | 43.5 | 0.7 (0.7, 0.8) | < 0.01 | 0.60 |
| Inhalators | 18.5 | 25.1 | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) | 17.9 | 20.8 | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) | 11.6 | 15.0 | 0.9 (0.9, 1.0) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| Corticosteroids3 | 9.6 | 6.4 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.0) | 11.4 | 8.1 | 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) | 9.4 | 5.1 | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7) | < 0.01 | 0.08 |
| Antihistamines3 | 12.7 | 9.3 | 0.7 (0.5, 1.0) | 10.7 | 8.5 | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 8.8 | 7.6 | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | < 0.01 | 0.28 |
| Drugs for peptic ulcer | 15.8 | 24.7 | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) | 19.0 | 20.8 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 18.7 | 20.9 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | < 0.01 | 0.27 |
| Antidiabetics | 11.4 | 16.3 | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | 9.2 | 10.3 | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 5.9 | 6.0 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| Osteoporosis drugs | 5.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 (0.0, 0.4) | 8.2 | 3.0 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) | 7.8 | 1.7 | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) | < 0.01 | 0.70 |
| NSAIDs | 23.6 | 6.1 | 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) | 18.1 | 5.2 | 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) | 12.7 | 5.6 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6) | < 0.01 | 0.93 |
H (home population), NH (nursing home population). RR (relative risk with 95% confidence interval and the population living at home as the reference group)
Number of people in each age group: 70–79 years (NH = 311; H = 27, 299), 80–89 years (NH = 1023; H = 17, 645) and ≥ 90 years (NH = 979; H = 4, 000)
aChi-squared test for trend in proportion of drug usage at home
bChi-squared test for trend in proportion of drug usage in nursing homes