Table 3.
Factors with evidence to support a relation to length of stay up to 1 year
| Predictors | Lowest ratio | Highest ratio | Strong evidence | Moderate evidence | Weak evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical intervention—oxygen therapy | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) | HR (CI) | 2.61 (1.30–5.21) | OR (CI) | X | ||
| Age | 1.02 (0.98–1.07) | HR (CI) | 3.05 | HR | X | ||
| Cancer | 1.36 (1.21–1.53) | HR (CI) | 374 (174–804) | OR (CI) | X | ||
| Care home characteristics—nursing | 1.14 (1.01–1.30) | HR (CI) | 1.48 (1.36–1.61) | HR (CI) | X | ||
| Feeding—appetite | 1.39 (1.37–1.41) | OR (CI) | 2.16 (1.59–2.93) | HR (CI) | X | ||
| Gender—being femalea | 0.49 (0.36–0.66) | HR (CI) | 2.10 (1.22–3.60) | RR | X | ||
| General health | 1.1 | OR | 6.04 (4.19–8.71) | OR (CI) | X | ||
| Nutrition—low BMI or malnutrition | 0.844 (0.766–0.930) | HR (CI) | 2.26 (1.56–3.28) | RR (CI) | X | ||
| Physical functioning | 0.718 (0.644–0.801) | HR (CI) | 8.0 (2.2–47.8) | OR (CI) | X | ||
| Respiratory disorders/COPD | 1.17 (1.04–1.33) | HR (CI) | 3.4 (1.3–8.8) | OR (CI) | X | ||
| Shortness of breath | 1.5 (1.3–1.9) | HR (CI) | 2.69 (2.20–3.29) | HR (CI) | X | ||
| Admission source—hospital | 0.81 (0.43–1.52) | HR (CI) | 2.02 (1.2–3.3) | HR (CI) | X | ||
| Biochemical indicators | 0.25 | PCC | 1.55 (1.12–2.13) | OR (CI) | X | ||
| Cognitive function | 0.8 | OR | 10.5 (1.02–1.08) | HR (CI) | X | ||
| Falls and fracturesa | 0.40 (0.21–0.74) | OR (CI) | 1.2 | OR | X | ||
| Feeding—feeding tube or help with feeding or diet | 0.7 | OR | 4.05 (1.40–1.73) | HR (CI) | X | ||
| Incontinence or catheter use | 0.93 | RR | 1.1 | OR | X | ||
| Pressure ulcers | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | HR (CI) | 2.7 (1.37–5.1) | OR (CI) | X | ||
Combined results of evidence rating for each factor identified: strong, moderate, weak and inconclusive evidence—limited to studies with 1 year follow-up or less
aAssociated with longer length of stay