Table 1. Characteristics and functional outcomes of studies included in review (surgery/conservative treatment).
|
First author, year (reference), design |
1.
n (surgery/conservative treatment) 2. Age (surgery/ conservative treatment) 3. Follow-up, months |
Anteroposterior stability (side-to-side difference [mm]) (surgery/conservative treatment) |
Lysholm score (surgery/conservative treatment) |
Mean IKDC score: 1. Normal 2. Almost normal 3. Abnormal 4. Very abnormal (surgery/conservative treatment) |
KOOS score (surgery/ conservative treatment): 1. Symptoms 2. Pain 3. ADL 4. Sport 5. QOL |
| Seitz 1994 (4) RCS |
1. 63 / 24 2. Surgery: 27 (15 to 42) Conservative: 28 (18 to 56) 3. 102 (60 to 144) |
<3 mm category: 86% / 8% |
100 to 91 (49 / 12) 90 to 84 (14 / –) 83 to 65 (– / 6) 64 to 0 (– / 6) |
– | – |
| Wittenberg 1998 (7) RCS |
1. 30 / 30 2. 34.3 (22 to 50) 3. 39 (24 to 36) |
2 / 4*1 | 86 / 72*1 | – | – |
| Fink 2001 (29) RCS |
1. 72 / 41 2. 33.0 (± 9.0) 3. Surgery: 132.1 (± 8.1) Conservative: 140.0 (± 9.6) |
2.0 (± 1.5) / 4.0 (± 2.0)*1 | 96 / 83*1 | 1. 0% / 0% *1 2. 44% / 4% 3. 52% / 52% 4. 4% / 44% |
– |
| Fithian 2005 (22) PCS |
1. 63 (early surgery) / 33 (delayed surgery) / 113 (conservative) 2. 39.0 (16–69) 3. 79 |
High risk: 1.6 (± 1.6) / 3.3 (± 1.5) Moderate risk : 1.7 (± 2.0) / 3.1 (± 2.0) Low risk : 2.0 (± 2.0) / 2.3 (±1.8)* 1 |
92 (± 10)/ 88 (± 14)*1. 2 |
1. 33% / 10% *1. 2 2. 50% / 23% 3. 16% / 66% 4. 1% / 2% |
– |
| Kessler 2008 (27) RCS |
1. 60 / 49 2. 30.7 (12.5 to 54.0) 3. 132 |
3.9 (0 to 12) / 5.7 (0 to 16)*1 | – | 1. 53% / 14% *1 2. 18% / 41% 3. 20% / 31% 4. 8% / 14% |
– |
| Tsoukas 2016 (21) RCT |
1. 17 / 15 2. Surgery: 31 (20 to 36) Conservative: 33 (25 to 39) 3. 123 |
1.5 (± 0.2) / 4.5 (± 0.5)*1 | – | 1. 86.8 (± 6.5)/ 77.5 (± 13)*1 |
– |
| Streich 2011 (28) RCS |
1. 40 / 40 2. 25.8 (17 to 39) 3. 180 (± 17) |
2.0 / 2.1 | 68.0 (± 19.8)/ 75.5 (± 15.9) |
1. 69.9 (± 17.0)/ 75.9 (± 13.1) |
– |
| Grindem 2012 (25) PCS |
1. 69 / 69 2. 27.6 (13 to 60) 3. 12.8 (± 1.2) |
2.7 (± 1.8)/5.6 (± 2.8)*1 | – | 1. 85.0 (± 11.6)/ 88.5 (± 9.2) |
– |
| Markström 2018 (26) PCS |
1. 327/ 34 2. Surgery: 46 (± 4.6) Conservative: 48 (± 5.9) 3. 276 |
2.0 (± 2.7) / 4.9 (± 2.9) | 81 (± 64)/ 73 (± 61) |
– | 1. 84 / 75 2. 82 / 89 3. 89 / 98*1 4. 50 / 75*1 5. 49 / 69*1 |
| Meuffels 2009 (3). van Yperen 2018 (6) RCS |
1. 25 / 25 2. 37.7 (± 6.5) 3. 272 |
>3 mm category (2009): 6 (24%) / 17 (68%)*1 3 mm category (2018): 10 (40%) / 19 (83%)*1 |
2009: 88.0 (80.5 to 91.0)/ 85.0 (77.0 to 90.0) 2018: 86.0 (75.5 to 91.0)/ 89.0 (75.5 to 95.5) |
2009: 1. 77.1 (65.1 to 87.3)/ 77.1 (67.5 to 84.9) 2018: 1. 81.6 (59.8 to 89.1)/ 78.2 (61.5 to 92.0) |
2018: 1. 86 / 93 2. 92 / 97 3. 96 / 99 4. 85 / 85 5. 63 / 69 |
| Myklebust 2003 (23) PCS |
1. 57 / 22 2. Not stated 3. 94 |
>3 mm category: 40% / 41% |
85 (± 13)/ 85 (± 13)*2 |
1. 9% /4% 2. 31% /13% 3. 23% /7% 4. 13% /0% |
– |
| Moksnes 2009 (24) PCS |
1. 52 / 50 2. 27.2 (± 8.6) 3. 12 |
4.1 (± 0.7) / 7.6 (± 0.5)*1 | – | 1. 87.0 (± 1.7)/ 86.1 (± 1.6) |
– |
| Frobell 2013 (14) RCT |
1. 62*3 / 59 2. 26.5 (± 5.0) 3. 62 |
6.6 / 8.3*1 | – | – | 1. 83 (78 to 87) / 87 (79 to 95)*3 2. 91 (88 to 94) / 91 (86 to 96) 3. 95 (93 to 97) / 97 (93 to 100) 4. 76 (70 to 81) / 79 (68 to 90) 5. 71 (65 to 76) / 69 (58 to 80) |
*1p <0.05; *2 copers; *3 including delayed anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
ADL: activities of daily living; IKDC: International Knee Documentation Committee; KOOS: Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; QOL: quality of life; PCS: prospective cohort study;
RCT: randomized controlled trial; RCS: retrospective cohort study