Table 5 |.

Crude and adjusted association of CFR with renal function in individuals without a perfusion defect at baseline

CKD stage	Crude β	SE	95% Cl	P value	Adjusted β	SE	95% Cl	P value
Preserved kidney function	Ref	Ref	Ref	Refa,b	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
CKD stage
1	0.05	0.03	−0.13, 0.11	0.12b	0.08	0.03	0.01, 0.14	0.02b
2	−0.00	0.03	−0.06, 0.06	0.91a	0.07	0.03	0.004, 0.13	0.04b
3	−0.09	0.03	−0.16, −0.03	0.003	0.02	0.04	−0.05, 0.09	0.57a
4	−0.22	0.05	−0.31, −0.13	<0.001c	−0.11	0.05	−0.21, −0.01	0.03c
5	−0.26	0.05	−0.36, −0.16	<0.001c	−0.20	0.05	−0.31, −0.10	<0.001c
Chronic dialysis	−0.19	0.05	−0.27, −0.10	<0.001c	−0.12	0.04	−0.21, −0.03	0.01c

Crude and adjusted associations of natural log–transformed CFR with CKD stage. For crude model, P < 0.001 for global association of CKD stage with CFR. Models are adjusted for age, gender, race, hypertension, diabetes, history of myocardial infarction, history of heart failure, chronic lung disease, hyperlipidemia, surgical or percutaneous revascularization, peripheral vascular disease, resting systolic blood pressure, obesity, left ventricular ejection fraction and use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blocker, cholesterol-lowering medications, and nitrates. P < 0.001 for overall adjusted association of CKD stage and CFR. CFR, coronary flow reserve; CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; Ref, referent.

^a.b.cCategories with a shared footnote letter are not significantly different from each other at P = 0.05 level. R² = 0.10; adjusted R² = 0.09.