Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with Type 2 diabetes stratified by ascending quartiles of glycemic variability (HbA1c SD).
| 1st (n = 56) | 2nd (n = 55) | 3rd (n = 57) | 4th (n = 55) | Total | P-value for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHARACTERISTICS | ||||||
| Age (year) | 62.8 ± 10.5 | 63.0 ± 9.2 | 64.0 ± 8.3 | 60.9 ± 10.5 | 62.7 ± 9.6 | 0.38 |
| Sex (female/male) | 37/19 | 34/21 | 37/20 | 37/18 | 37/19 | 0.94 |
| Diabetes duration (year) | 9.6 ± 8.7 | 11.9 ± 6.8 | 11.6 ± 7.8 | 13.0 ± 7.5 | 11.5 ± 7.7 | 0.11 |
| Height (cm) | 163.2 ± 8.2 | 161.4 ± 8.0 | 160.8 ± 7.8 | 162.8 ± 8.0 | 162.0 ± 8.0 | 0.36 |
| Body weight (Kg) | 65.9 ± 11.4 | 68.3 ± 12.8 | 70.0 ± 12.5 | 72.5 ± 13.5 | 69.2 ± 12.7 | 0.04* |
| Body mass index | 24.7 ± 3.4 | 25.9 ± 3.7 | 26.7 ± 4.4 | 27.3 ± 3.8 | 26.1 ± 3.9 | 0.004* |
| Waist circumstance (cm) | 89.7 ± 10.9 | 92.4 ± 9.4 | 93.7 ± 10.2 | 96.0 ± 11.7 | 93.1 ± 10.7 | 0.11 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 137.2 ± 21.7 | 136.4 ± 19.2 | 143.9 ± 18.2 | 140.5 ± 17.1 | 139.5 ± 15.2 | 0.15 |
| DBP(mmHg) | 74.5 ± 10.1 | 72.7 ± 11.6 | 76.1 ± 10.5 | 76.0 ± 10.8 | 74.8 ± 10.8 | 0.31 |
| BASELINE UNDERLYING DISEASE | ||||||
| Hypertension (%) | 41 (73.2%) | 51 (92.7%) | 50 (87.7%) | 48 (87.3%) | 190 (85.2%) | 0.03* |
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 6 (10.7%) | 9 (16.3%) | 15 (26.3%) | 7 (12.7%) | 37 (16.6%) | 0.12 |
| Ischemic stroke (%) | 9 (16.1%) | 11 (20%) | 13 (22.8%) | 9 (16.3%) | 42 (18.8%) | 0.77 |
| Retinopathy (%) | 11 (19.6%) | 11 (20%) | 17 (29.8%) | 19 (34.5%) | 58 (26%) | 0.28 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 28 (50%) | 44 (80%) | 46 (80.7%) | 40 (72.7%) | 158 (70.8%) | 0.001* |
| TYPE OF DIABETES TREATMENT | ||||||
| Insulin + OHA | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| OHA only | 52 | 42 | 36 | 31 | 161 | 0.001* |
| Insulin only | 2 | 12 | 18 | 21 | 53 | |
| No treatment | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 8 | |
| OTHER CONCOMITANT MEDICATIONS | ||||||
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 38 | 44 | 42 | 42 | 166 | 0.51 |
| Beta-blocker | 13 | 21 | 24 | 14 | 72 | 0.08 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 19 | 25 | 26 | 17 | 87 | 0.25 |
| Diuretics | 18 | 30 | 31 | 29 | 108 | 0.046* |
| Antiplatelet medications | 42 | 37 | 38 | 35 | 152 | 0.61 |
| Lipid-lowering medications | 38 | 43 | 48 | 45 | 174 | 0.16 |
Data are presented as means ± standard deviations or n (%). n, number of cases; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker.
*
p < 0.05.
Bold values indicates statistical significance.