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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 20.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2018 Oct 13;55:151–158. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.09.006

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The detection schemes discussed in this review: affinity labeling via fluorescently-labeled antibodies or other binding proteins such as the methyl binding domain protein 1 (MBD1), direct covalent labeling with a fluorescent dye, and the label-free detection via surface-enhanced Raman scattering (left to right, sizes not to scale). The chemical structure of cytosine (C), 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxycytosine (5caC) is shown in the box.