Table 3. Drug basket and item price index.
| Main group (ATC level 1) * | All drugs | Basket drugs | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY 2010 | FY 2012 | No. of items | Top-five drugs | ||||||||
| No. of items | Expenditure share (%) | No. of items | Expenditure share (%) | Total | Not in NLEM | Single source | NHSO interventions┼ |
Highest expenditure share, % (price index, 2012) |
Highest price, Baht in base year (price index in %, 2012) |
Change in price index ≥ 10%, price in Baht in base year (price index in %, 2012) |
|
| A | 174 | 19.4 | 157 | 27.1 | 23 | 7 | 6 | - | Metformin, 4.1% (90.0), human insulin, 3.0% (94.9), omeprazole, 1.4% (88.2), glibenclamide, 1.3% (83.1), glipizide, 1.2% (89.6) | Human insulin, 113.0 (94.9), rosiglitazone, 67.7 (99.5), esomeprazole, 52.9 (96.8), sitagliptin, 48.6 (98.2), lansoprazole, 42.6 (93.1) | Glibenclamide, 0.2 (83.1), omeprazole, 0.7 (88.2), alfacalcidol, 4.5 (89.0), glipizide, 0.3 (89.6), metformin, 0.5 (90.0) |
| B | 57 | 6.0 | 58 | 10.4 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 3 | Erythropoietin (EPO) alfa, 1.4% (91.6), aspirin (ASA), 1.2%, (103.0), clopidogrel┼, 0.7% (73.7), ferrous fumarate, 0.5% (103.7), EPO beta, 0.4% (100.0) | EPO beta, 9629.4 (100.0), coagulation factor VIII┼, 3800.3 (99.0), EPO alfa┼, 560.9 (91.6), enoxaparin, 234.2 (99.6), cilostazol, 25.8 (99.1) | Clopidogrel┼, 15.2 (73.7) |
| C | 104 | 22.7 | 97 | 26.9 | 31 | 15 | 11 | - | Simvastatin, 2.6% (93.8), amlodipine, 2.5% (91.4), enalapril, 2.3% (104.9), atorvastatin, 2.0% (81.1), rosuvastatin, 1.5% (97.5) | Ezetimibe+simvastatin, 51.4 (100.0), ezetimibe, 42.0 (98.1), rosuvastatin, 41.2 (97.5), atorvastatin, 35.8 (81.1), valsartan+amlodipine, 29.2 (100.0) | Losartan, 4.8 (77.7), doxazosin, 2.7 (80.1), atorvastatin, 35.8 (81.1), fenofibrate, 8.0 (85.9) |
| D | 88 | 0.8 | 86 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | |||
| G | 59 | 2.4 | 58 | 1.3 | 6 | 3 | 3 | - | Alfuzosin, 0.7% (100.0), levonorgestrel, 0.6% (100.0), tamsulosin, 0.4% (98.6), finasteride, 0.3% (64.6), raloxifene, 0.2% (98.7) | Levonorgestrel, 3417.3 (100.0), raloxifene, 56.9 (98.7), dutasteride, 47.0 (97.2), tamsulosin, 31.4 (98.6), alfuzosin, 25.7 (100.0) | Finasteride, 25.1 (64.6) |
| H | 17 | 1.4 | 21 | 1.5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | - | Propylthiouracil, 0.9% (83.7), prednisolone, 0.2% (99.2), calcitonin, 0.2% (96.4) | Calcitonin, 2537.6 (96.4), propylthiouracil, 0.5 (83.7), prednisolone, 0.3 (99.2) | Propylthiouracil, 0.5 (83.7) |
| J | 139 | 18.1 | 133 | 13.9 | 26 | 2 | 3 | 13 | Stavudine+lamivudine+nevirapine┼, 2.6% (84.7), lopinavir+ ritonavir┼, 2.0% (70.5), Purified Chick Embryo Cell Rabies Vaccine (PCEC), 1.6% (93.5), amoxicillin, 1.3% (96.3), purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV), 1.3% (100.0) | Human Rabies Immunoglobulin (HRIG), 2253.4 (81.9), Equine Rabies Immunoglobulin (ERIG), 709.7 (99.4), entecavir, 310.5 (98.4), PVRV, 286.8 (100.0), PCEC, 274.8 (93.5) |
Efavirenz┼, 12.5 (58.6), lopinavir+ritonavir┼, 20.5 (70.5), lamivudine┼, 13.8 (74.3), zidovudine+lamivudine+nevirapine┼, 19.2 (79.7), HRIG, 2253.4 (81.9), stavudine+lamivudine+nevirapine┼, 13.1 (84.7), nevirapine┼, 9.1 (86.5), zidovudine+lamivudine┼, 31.0, (86.5), ofloxacin, 1.5 (87.1) |
| L | 70 | 4.4 | 76 | 2.8 | 12 | 3 | 8 | 3 | Imatinib┼, 0.9% (95.5), capecitabine, 0.7% (99.1), peginterferon alfa-2a, 0.5% (96.9), letrozole┼, 0.4% (100.0), paclitaxel, 0.4% (64.5) | Peginterferon alfa-2a, 9613.3 (96.9), leuprorelin┼, 8881.0 (99.0), paclitaxel, 6553.9 (64.5), imatinib┼, 1180.1 (95.5), bicalutamide, 269.2 (100.0) | Paclitaxel, 6553.9 (64.5), azathioprine, 13.9 (81.4) |
| M | 61 | 5.8 | 62 | 2.0 | 13 | 9 | 3 | - | Risedronate, 0.8% (98.6), celecoxib, 0.8% (91.9), glucosamine, 0.7% (100.0), tolperisone, 0.5% (95.8) orphenadrine+paracetamol, 0.5% (103.7) | Hyaluronate, 1764.7 (100.0), risedronate, 226.9, (98.6), diacerein, 32.4 (96.2), etoricoxib, 32.4 (98.9), celecoxib, 22.7 (91.9) | Meloxicam, 4.3 (83.2) |
| N | 109 | 9.8 | 108 | 9.6 | 25 | 9 | 9 | 1 | Paracetamol, 1.2% (104.1), sodium valproate, 0.8% (98.7), rivastigmine, 0.7% (100.0), phenytoin, 0.7% (136.2), perphenazine, 0.5% (99.4) | Rivastigmine, 1373.3 (100.0), olanzapine, 142.1 (92.0), donepezil, 136.6 (83.2), memantine, 81.9 (96.6), ziprasidone, 80.0 (94.0) | Risperidone┼, 21.3 (61.5), gabapentin, 6.2 (77.7), donepezil, 136.6 (83.2), tramadol, 0.5 (86.6), phenytoin, 1.7 (136.2) |
| P | 19 | 0.2 | 18 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | |||
| R | 80 | 6.9 | 85 | 3.3 | 12 | 2 | 2 | - | Salmeterol+fluticasone, 1.1% (59.8), theophylline, 0.9% (91.8), budesonide, 0.9% (101.3), salbutamol, 0.7% (91.6), ipratropium bromide+fenoterol hydrobromide, 0.7% (99.8) | Budesonide+formoterol, 1144.2 (76.7), salmeterol+fluticasone, 655.6 (59.8), budesonide, 176. 7 (101.3), salbutamol, 112.9 (91.6), ipratropium+fenoterol, 47.4 (99.8) | Salmeterol+fluticasone, 655.6 (59.8), cetirizine, 0.4 (60.6), Budesonide+formoterol, 1144.2 (76.7), loratadine, 0.6 (76.8) |
| S | 79 | 1.9 | 73 | 0.6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | - | Latanoprost, 1.0% (92.3), hypromellose, 0.6% (99.8), sodium hyaluronate, 0.4% (102.5) | Latanoprost, 458.0 (92.3), sodium hyaluronate, 265.1 (102.5), hypromellose, 36.4 (99.8) | - |
| V | 21 | 0.3 | 21 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | |||
| Total | 1,082 | 100 | 1,052 | 100 | 166 | 53 | 50 | 20 | Metformin, 4.1% (90.0), mixtard, 3.0% (94.9), stavudine+lamivudine+nevirapine┼, 2.6% (84.7), simvastatin, 2.6% (95.8), amlodipine, 2.5% (91.4) | EPO beta, 9629.4 (100.0), Peg-interferon alfa 2 a, 9613.3 (96.9), leuprorelin┼, 8881.0 (99.0), paclitaxel, 6553.9 (64.5), coagulation factor VIII┼, 3800.3 (99.0) | Price change >35%: efavirenz┼, 12.5 (58.6), salmeterol+fluticasone, 655.6 (59.8), cetirizine, 0.4 (60.6), risperidone┼, 21.3 (61.5), phenytoin, 1.7 (136.3), paclitaxel, 6553.9 (64.5), finasteride, 25.1 (64.6) |
ATC, Anatomical, Therapeutic and Chemical Classification; FY, fiscal year; NLEM, National List of Essential Medicines; NHSO, National Health Security Office.
*A = Alimentary tract and metabolism, B = Blood and blood forming organs, C = Cardiovascular system, D = Dermatologicals, G = Genito-urinary system and sex hormones, H = Systemic hormonal preparations, J = Antiinfectives for systemic use, L = Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents, M = Musculo-skeletal system, N = Nervous system, P = Antiparasitic products, R = Respiratory system, S = Sensory organs, V = Various.
┼NHSO conducted central purchasing via price negotiation by volume-based agreement.