Table 3. Risk ratios for peripartum heart failure by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and other characteristics of the pregnancy, among women with ≥1 pregnancy, Denmark, 1978–2012.
| Pregnancies with PPCM No. (%) |
Pregnancies without PPCM No. (%) |
Risk ratio* (95% confidence interval) |
p-value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 126 | N = 2 078 696 | |||
| Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy | ||||
| Severe preeclampsia | 12 (13.5) | 13 108 (0.6) | 27.5 (14.5, 51.9) | <0.001 |
| Moderate preeclampsia | 6 (6.7) | 45 018 (2.2) | 3.87 (1.69, 8.87) | |
| Gestational hypertension | 2 (2.2) | 18 643 (0.9) | 3.05 (0.75, 12.5) | |
| None | 69 (77.5) | 2 001 927 (96.3) | 1 (ref) | |
| Parity at delivery | ||||
| 1 | 45 (50.6) | 1 087 840 (52.3) | 1 (ref) | 0.44 |
| 2 | 31 (34.8) | 711 353 (34.2) | 1.32 (0.80, 2.20) | |
| ≥3 | 13 (14.6) | 279 503 (13.4) | 1.43 (0.74, 2.74) | |
| Maternal age at delivery (years) | ||||
| <25 | 17 (19.1) | 436 081 (21.0) | 1.05 (0.55, 1.99) | 0.41 |
| 25–29 | 27 (30.3) | 767 348 (36.9) | 1 (ref) | |
| 30–34 | 32 (36.0) | 611 235 (29.4) | 1.48 (0.90, 2.43) | |
| ≥35 | 13 (14.6) | 263 032 (12.7) | 1.32 (0.69, 2.54) | |
| Multiple pregnancy | ||||
| No | 83 (93.3) | 2 043 844 (98.3) | 1 (ref) | 0.01 |
| Yes | 6 (6.7) | 34 852 (1.7) | 3.06 (1.31, 7.16) | |
| Calendar period at delivery | ||||
| 1978–1982 | 17 (19.1) | 276 281 (13.3) | 2.91 (1.22, 6.93) | 0.09 |
| 1983–1987 | 9 (10.1) | 259 609 (12.5) | 1.42 (0.55, 3.63) | |
| 1988–1992 | 18 (20.2) | 305 302 (14.7) | 2.29 (1.03, 5.14) | |
| 1993–1997 | 9 (10.1) | 328 378 (15.8) | 1 (ref) | |
| 1998–2002 | 9 (10.1) | 313 814 (15.1) | 1.02 (0.41, 2.57) | |
| 2003–2007 | 12 (13.5) | 245 113 (11.8) | 1.68 (0.71, 3.95) | |
| 2008–2012 | 15 (16.9) | 350 199 (16.8) | 1.40 (0.62, 3.16) | |
PPHF, peripartum heart failure.
*All risk ratios mutually adjusted for the other covariates.
†p-value for the overall association with the variable.