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. 2019 Jan 11;6(4):1801716. doi: 10.1002/advs.201801716

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Matrix remodeling enhances NPC differentiation into astrocytes. A) Induction of astrocytic differentiation results in decreased expression of the NPC stemness markers nestin and Sox2, regardless of the duration of matrix remodeling permitted prior to induction of differentiation. Data are presented as geometric mean with 95% confidence intervals. **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001, one‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni post‐hoc test, n = 8. B) While induction of astrocytic differentiation after 1 d of remodeling does not alter the metabolic activity of the encapsulated cells, waiting until after 7 d of remodeling results in a significant increase in metabolic activity upon induction of differentiation. Data are mean ± s.e.m., normalized to DNA content. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, for differentiation induced at 7 d relative to 1 d at a given time point, two‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni post‐hoc test, n = 6–8. C) Only after 7 d of remodeling, followed by induction of astrocytic differentiation for 1 week, do encapsulated cells stain positive for the differentiated astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). D) Cells provided 7 d of remodeling prior to induction of differentiation also stain positive for the astrocytic marker S‐100 calcium binding protein β (S100β).