Figure 2. mRNA relative expressions. ASCs were treated according to the groups: OM (osteogenic medium); BMP-2 (OM and BMP-2); RA (OM and retinoic acid, RA); BMP-2+RA (OM, BMP-2, and RA). Results were normalized against human osteoblasts (positive control). Different letters represent statistically significant differences among treatments at each time point (ANOVA/Tukey, ρ<0.05). Bars represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments.