Table 1. Expected hallmarks of the cancer cell of origin: Comparison with e-CSCs.

Cell Type:	Cancer Cell of Origin	e-CSCs
Properties:	Expected Features	Observed Features
1) Cell Cycle Arrest:	Senescence Markers	Elevated p21-WAF (~17-fold)
2) Propagation:	Hyper-Proliferative	G0/G1: ~35-37% S-phase: ~10-18%
		G2/M: ~32-33% Polyploid: ~12-17%
3) Metabolism:	Metabolically Active	Increased Mitochondrial Mass (~4-fold); High OXPHOS & Glycolysis
4) REDOX:	Anti-Oxidant Response	ALDH Functional Activity (~9-fold Increased)
	[Produces NADH]	Glutaredoxin-1 (GLRX) (~11-fold Increased)
		ALDH3A1 (~10-fold Increased)
		QPRT (~4-fold Increased)
		RRM2, GCLC, NQO2 (Each ~2-fold Increased)
5) “Stemness”:	Stem Cell Markers	High Flavin-based Auto-fluorescence (FAD/FMN); Large Cell Size; Aldefluor (+); Anchorage-Independence;
		BCAS1 (+) (>100-fold Increased)
6) Inhibitors:	Unknown	Mitochondrial OXPHOS Inhibitors and CDK4/6 Inhibitors