. 2019 Feb 7;31(2):195–201. doi: 10.1589/jpts.31.195

Table 2. Mean (standard deviation) of pre- and post-intervention values and within-group differences in both groups^a.

Variables	Single thoracic manipulation (n=14)			Single thoracic manipulation plus Rungthip massage technique (n=15)

	Pre	Post	p-value^b	Pre	Post	p-value^b
Pain at rest (VAS; mm)	45.29 ± 11.53	20.71 ± 12.37	0.000**	42.33 ± 7.72	9.67 ± 6.52	0.000**
Elbow extension ROM (º)
Threshold level; P1	126.64 ± 19.15	135.29 ± 17.14	0.003*	115.77 ± 16.78	131.50± 10.83	0.002*
Tolerance level; P2	146.57 ± 16.87	151.54 ± 16.54	0.179	139.53 ± 21.99	147.90± 13.63	0.158

^aValues are mean ± standard deviation; ^bp-value for paired t-test; *p-value<0.05; **p-value<0.001.

Table 2. Mean (standard deviation) of pre- and post-intervention values and within-group differences in both groupsa.