Table 1. Distribution of nurse and hospital characteristics by level of electronic health record (EHR) adoption.

		EHR adoption level
Nurse characteristics	All ( n  = 12,377 nurses)	Basic EHR or less ( n  = 6,133)	Comprehensive EHR ( n  = 6,244)	p -Value a
Age, mean (SD)	46.8 (12.3)	46.7 (12.2)	46.9 (12.3)	0.43
Female, n (%)	11,158 (90.4%)	5,487 (89.6%)	5,671 (91.1%)	0.004
Highest nursing degree, baccalaureate, n (%)	7,034 (57.0%)	3,369 (55.2%)	3,665 (58.9%)	<0.001
Years of RN experience, mean (SD)	18.4 (12.9)	17.9 (12.7)	18.9 (13.0)	<0.001
Hospital characteristics	All ( n  = 353 hospitals)	Basic EHR or less ( n  = 196)	Comprehensive EHR ( n  = 157)	p -Value a
Size, n (%)
≤ 100 beds	16	9 (56.3%)	7 (43.8%)	0.99
101–250 beds	127	70 (55.1%)	57 (44.9%)
> 250 beds	210	117 (55.7%)	93 (44.3%)
Teaching status, n (%)
Nonteaching	148	66 (33.7%)	82 (52.2%)	<0.001
Minor teaching	165	114 (58.2%)	51 (32.5%)
Major teaching	40	16 (8.2%)	24 (15.3%)
Technology capability, n (%)
Low	136	78 (57.4%)	58 (42.7%)	0.58
High (performs open heart surgery and/or organ transplants)	217	118 (54.4%)	99 (45.6%)
State, n (%)
California	138	81 (58.7%)	57 (41.3%)	0.46
Florida	95	55 (57.9%)	40 (42.1%)
New Jersey	41	19 (46.3%)	22 (53.7%)
Pennsylvania	79	41 (51.9%)	38 (48.1%)
Core-based statistical area (CBSA), n (%)
Metropolitan	342	188 (55.0%	154 (45.0%)	0.32
Micropolitan	8	5 (62.5%)	3 (37.5)
Rural	3	3 (100.0%)	0 (0%)
Ownership, n (%)
Government, nonfederal	32	15 (46.9%)	17 (53.1%)	<0.001
Nonprofit	265	134 (50.6%)	131 (49.4%)
For-profit	56	47 (83.9%)	9 (16.1%)

Abbreviations: RN, registered nurse; SD, standard deviation.

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding and small amounts of missing data (<5%) on nurse characteristics. A total of 53 hospitals had adopted less than a basic EHR.

^a p -values generated from chi-square for all variables, except for CBSA where Fisher's exact test was used.