Table 1.
Patient and control cohort characteristics
| Post TOF repaira
(n=21) |
Controlsa
(n=24) |
P-valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 13.8 (8.2) | 15.8 (3.0) | 0.18 |
| n (female) | 13 | 13 | N/A |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.62 (0.70) | 1.62 (0.28) | 0.25 |
| Standard MRI parameters | |||
| PR fraction (%) by flow | 23 (28) | N/A | N/A |
| PR fraction (%) by volumetry | 19 (30) | 0 (6.7) | <0.01 |
| RVEDV index (mL/m2) | 128 (23) | 92 (19) | <0.01 |
| RVESV index (mL/m2) | 70 (13) | 41 (11) | <0.01 |
| RV stroke volume (mL) | 88 (44) | 76 (19) | 0.81 |
| RV ejection fraction (%) | 47 (11) | 56 (10) | <0.01 |
| RVCI (L/min/m2) | 3.7 (2.2) | 3.6 (0.8) | 0.15 |
| LVEDV index (mL/m2) | 91 (15) | 87 (16) | 0.27 |
| LVESV index (mL/m2) | 41 (11) | 35 (7) | <0.01 |
| LV stroke volume (mL) | 63 (50) | 80 (20) | 0.09 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 55 (9.5) | 60 (6) | <0.01 |
| LVCI (L/min/m2) | 3.3 (0.8) | 3.7 (0.8) | 0.05 |
| Ratio pulmonary-to-aortic flow | 0.95 (0.22) | N/A | N/A |
| 4-D flow MRI energetic parameters,c absolute and indexed to body surface area and segmentation volume | |||
| Systole | |||
| KERV (mJ) | 5.4 (3.7) | 5.1 (3.0) | 0.92 |
| KEPA (mJ) | 14.7 (23) | 12.8 (6.0) | 0.27 |
| KERV index (mJ/m2) | 3.4 (2.3) | 3.3 (2.0) | 0.5 |
| KEPA index (mJ/m2) | 12.5 (10.3) | 8.2 (4.3) | <0.01 |
| KERV index (mJ/mL) | 0.056 (0.048) | 0.047 (0.03) | 0.12 |
| KEPA index (mJ/mL) | 0.193 (0.16) | 0.138 (0.072) | <0.01 |
| Diastole | |||
| KERV (mJ) | 3.6 (4.0) | 3.4 (1.7) | 0.78 |
| KEPA (mJ) | 2.5 (3.6) | 2.4 (1.3) | 0.13 |
| KERV index (mJ/m2) | 2.5 (1.8) | 2.1 (0.92) | 0.18 |
| KEPA index (mJ/m2) | 2.3 (2.7) | 1.4 (0.9) | <0.01 |
| KERV index (mJ/ml) | 0.034 (0.013) | 0.024 (0.012) | 0.02 |
| KEPA index (mJ/mL) | 0.034 (0.055) | 0.022 (0.009) | <0.01 |
Standard MRI measurements and 4-D flow MRI-derived energetic calculations presented as median (interquartile range). Energetic markers are indexed to both body surface area (mJ/m2) and segmentation volume (mJ/ml)
Differences were considered significant for P<0.05
Energetic parameters are reported in absolute (mJ) and normalized values, indexed to both body surface area (mJ/m2) and segmentation volume (mJ/mL)
KE kinetic energy, LV left ventricle, LVCI left ventricle cardiac index, LVEDV left ventricle end-diastolic volume, N/A not available, PA pulmonary artery, PR pulmonary regurgitation, RV right ventricle, RVCI right ventricle cardiac index, RVEDV right ventricle end-diastolic volume, LVESV left ventricle end-systolic volume, RVESV right ventricle end-systolic volume, TOF tetralogy of Fallot