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IL-6 production was measured using ELISA on human nasal epithelial cells (A,B) or nasal fibroblast cells (C,D) in the presence or absence of the pro-inflammatory agent Poly (I:C) or IL-1β. Budesonide (1 mg/2 ml) was used as anti-inflammatory standard of care control and medium was used as negative control. ANOVA, followed by Tukey HSD post hoc test. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001); values are shown as means ± SEM, n = 4.
