Fig. 4.

BCG vaccination increases NK cell responses against P. falciparum. a Percentage of total NK cells staining positive for IFN-γ after 24 h of stimulation with PfRBC before, and 37 days after malaria challenge infection as compared to baseline (pre-BCG vaccination time point), each dot represents an individual BCG vaccinated (n = 9, green) or control volunteers (n = 10, grey). b Percent NK cells staining positive for the degranulation marker CD107a. c Percent NK cells staining positive for granzyme B. Lines and error bars show median and interquartile range. p-values are the result of Mann–Whitney U-test. *p < 0.05. Stimulation was performed in duplo, with replicates combined for flow cytometry analysis