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. 2019 Feb 20;10:863. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08854-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Mechanisms associated with a reduced risk of HIV-1 acquisition among RV144 vaccinees. a Network showing the genes implicated in IFNγ signaling with annotated functions. Nodes correspond to genes; the color of a node is proportional to the log2 fold-change between controls and HIV-1 cases. Edges are inferred by GeneMANIA and correspond to physical interactions, colocalization, or co-expression. The remaining genes part of this signature but with unknown/unrelated functions can be found in Supplementary Data 5. b Scatter plot presenting the expression of IFNγ responsive genes as a function of the levels of IgG antibodies binding to V1/V2 and DPB1*13 alleles. The average expression of the IFNγ genes was calculated using the SLEA z-score method. A linear regression model (blue line), and its 95% confidence interval (gray zone), was fit between SLEA z-score and IgG antibodies against V1/V2, and this separately for each DPB1*13 allele. A Pearson correlation and a t test were performed to assess the significance of the correlation between the transcriptomic data and antibody response. c Scatter plot presenting the association of IFNγ target genes and HIV-1 acquisition, separately for patients DPB1*13⁻ and DPB1*13⁺. Wilcoxon-rank sum test was performed to assess the significance of the association between the transcriptomic data and HIV-1 acquisition. d Boxplot of the ratio of phosphorylated IRF7 in memory CD4+ cells stimulated with interferon compared to unstimulated memory CD4+ cells. The ex vivo experiments were performed on cells from five healthy donors. The fold-change in the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) between interferon stimulated samples and the unstimulated condition is presented as a function of the concentration of interferon α and β used. e Lines plot showing the ratio of the frequency of CD4⁻p24⁺ after interferon stimulation over the unstimulated levels as a function of interferon concentration. The red lines indicate the median frequencies of CD4⁻p24⁺ across ten healthy donors. d, e A paired Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to assess the statistical significance of the fold-change (***p ≤ 0.001, **0.001 < p ≤ 0.01, *0.01 < p ≤ 0.05, •0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)