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. 2019 Feb 20;9:2410. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38634-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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AG-induced cochleotoxicity on CAP amplitude and survival of IHC elements. (a) Comparison of ratios of CAP amplitudes (day 21/ before application) for the ‘basal region’ (60, 420 mg/mL). (b) Quantitative analysis of surviving IHCs, on day 21. (c) Survival of synaptic ribbons, on day 21, following administration of 60 or 420 mg/mL AGs. Data are means ± SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison tests). (a) 60 mg/mL p < 0.0001, 420 mg/mL p = 0.0009; (b) 60 mg/mL p = 0.0764, 420 mg/mL p = 0.1194; (c) 60 mg/mL p = 0.0051, 420 mg/mL p = 0.0011). Correlations between the ratio of CAP amplitude (day 21/before application)/CAP threshold shifts and synaptic ribbon number in animals receiving 60 mg/mL AGs (n = 34) (d). Representative immunohistochemistry images showing synaptic ribbon loss in the IHCs after applying either control solution or AGs. (e) Scale bar, 20 µm. Abbreviations: AG, aminoglycoside; Apra, apramycin; CAP, compound action potential; CtBP2, C-terminal-binding protein 2; GM, gentamicin; GM C1a, gentamicin C1a; Neo, neomycin; Paro, paromomycin.