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. 2019 Feb 20;9:2401. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38925-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mutational spectrum of chemostat-derived E. coli ATCC 25922 polymorphic population samples. “Metagenomes” of selection-free (CTR day 1, 14, 20), ITC-exposed (day 14 and 20) and LVX-exposed (day 14 and 20) thawed cultures were sequenced using the Illumina platform and polymorphisms were identified by BRESEQ. The total number of mutations (N) in each culture is shown above each column. The types of mutations present in each culture are presented below the columns. Base substitutions are presented as nonsynonymous (a point mutation altering the amino acid sequence of a protein), synonymous (a point mutation not altering the amino acid), nonsense (a point mutation resulting in a premature termination codon), noncoding (a mutation in noncoding RNA genes) and intergenic mutations; indels are deletions and insertions of ≤20 nt size.