Table 2.
Starch measurements from experimental stones*.
| Lab No | Tool Type | Plant name | Length (cm) | Width (cm) | Lithology | Sampling spot | Data of starch grains recovered from stones after dehusking | Data of starch grains recovered from stones after grinding | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean size (um) | minimum size (um) | maximum size (um) | size >14um (n) | process time (minute) | Total (n) | mean size (um) | minimum size (um) | maximum size (um) | size >14um (n) | process time (minute) | Total (n) | |||||||
| a | slab | Qimengkelake | 9.3 | 7.2 | sandstone | Xindian village | 11.4 ± 3.8 | 7.2 | 15.6 | 1 | 40 | 2 | 11.7 ± 2.8 | 6.3 | 27.6 | 31 | 10 | 149 |
| muller | Qimengkelake | 6.2 | 3.9 | sandstone | Xindian village | — | — | — | — | — | 12.5 ± 3.1 | 7.1 | 25.3 | 25 | 150 | |||
| b | slab | Gouzhuagu | 7.5 | 6.7 | sandstone | Xindian village | — | — | — | — | 53 | — | 11.8 ± 3.3 | 6.1 | 26.1 | 21 | 21 | 150 |
| muller | Gouzhuagu | 5.2 | 3.8 | sandstone | Xindian village | 14.5 ± 0.0 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 1 | 1 | 11.3 ± 2.7 | 6.0 | 27.9 | 32 | 161 | |||
| c | slab | Maomaodouzhimaliang | 10.2 | 8.7 | sandstone | Xindian village | 10.2 ± 2.8 | 6.1 | 15.3 | 1 | 38 | 3 | 12.2 ± 3.3 | 9.8 | 25.3 | 29 | 17 | 166 |
| muller | Maomaodouzhimaliang | 6.2 | 5.7 | shale | Xindian village | — | — | — | — | — | 11.9 ± 2.8 | 6.1 | 24.9 | 36 | 186 | |||
| d | slab | Kaoshanmen | 5.5 | 4.3 | shale | Xindian village | 11.3 ± 1.0 | 10.3 | 12.3 | 0 | 76 | 2 | 12.6 ± 3.5 | 6.1 | 34.4 | 27 | 23 | 144 |
| muller | Kaoshanmen | 3.7 | 2.6 | sandstone | Xindian village | 13.7 ± 0.0 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 0 | 1 | 13.1 ± 4.2 | 6.9 | 29.1 | 32 | 175 | |||
| e | slab | Zhushusu | 7.2 | 6.8 | sandstone | Xindian village | 10.8 ± 2.7 | 6.8 | 16.7 | 1 | 49 | 4 | 11.9 ± 3.0 | 6.8 | 26.7 | 33 | 11 | 167 |
| muller | Zhushusu | 4.2 | 3.7 | sandstone | Xindian village | 8.3 ± 2.4 | 5.9 | 10.9 | 0 | 3 | 11.4 ± 2.4 | 6.0 | 30.9 | 31 | 159 | |||
| f | slab | Mingu | 8.4 | 6.8 | sandstone | Xindian village | 12.6 ± 2.5 | 10.5 | 14.2 | 0 | 68 | 3 | 11.8 ± 2.8 | 6.1 | 22.3 | 26 | 19 | 179 |
| muller | Mingu | 5.8 | 3.2 | sandstone | Xindian village | — | — | — | — | — | 10.8 ± 3.0 | 7.1 | 21.9 | 21 | 179 | |||
| g | slab | Yugu | 8.6 | 7.4 | sandstone | Xindian village | 11.5 ± 0.0 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 0 | 83 | 1 | 13.6 ± 3.7 | 7.6 | 24.9 | 44 | 25 | 147 |
| muller | Yugu | 6.1 | 5.6 | limestone | Xindian village | 12.1 ± 1.6 | 6.8 | 16.9 | 1 | 3 | 12.4 ± 2.9 | 8.1 | 23.6 | 56 | 178 | |||
| h | slab | Qutangxiaomi | 6.6 | 5.3 | sandstone | Xindian village | 11.6 ± 0.0 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 0 | 90 | 1 | 12.0 ± 2.8 | 6.9 | 21.2 | 37 | 27 | 167 |
| muller | Qutangxiaomi | 5.1 | 4.6 | sandstone | Xindian village | 5.1 ± 0.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 0 | 1 | 11.8 ± 3.0 | 6.4 | 20.9 | 40 | 172 | |||
| i | slab | Huangkegouweisu | 6.2 | 5.7 | sandstone | Xindian village | — | — | — | — | 78 | — | 11.7 ± 2.7 | 6.8 | 22.7 | 18 | 23 | 144 |
| muller | Huangkegouweisu | 3.7 | 3.1 | sandstone | Xindian village | — | — | — | — | — | 11.0 ± 2.7 | 5.9 | 21.6 | 23 | 152 | |||
| j | slab | Zheng No. 468 | 8.3 | 4.2 | sandstone | Xindian village | 8.3 ± 1.3 | 5.2 | 9.9 | 0 | 40 | 3 | 12.0 ± 3.0 | 5.5 | 23.0 | 27 | 17 | 171 |
| muller | Zheng No. 468 | 4.9 | 3.7 | sandstone | Xindian village | 6.9 ± 0.0 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 0 | 1 | 11.6 ± 2.8 | 5.8 | 27.4 | 24 | 186 | |||
| k | slab | Shaonong No. 11 | 6.3 | 5.8 | sandstone | Xindian village | — | — | — | — | 45 | — | 14.7 ± 3.4 | 7.9 | 29.6 | 27 | 15 | 156 |
| muller | Shaonong No. 11 | 3.8 | 2.9 | sandstone | Xindian village | 12.4 ± 2.4 | 10.7 | 14.0 | 1 | 2 | 15.4 ± 3.4 | 8.7 | 30.2 | 31 | 167 | |||
| l | slab | Baigu | 7.2 | 7.1 | sandstone | Xindian village | 7.2 ± 0.0 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 0 | 43 | 1 | 13.2 ± 4.0 | 6.9 | 29.4 | 37 | 14 | 172 |
| muller | Baigu | 6.3 | 4.9 | sandstone | Xindian village | — | — | — | — | — | 12.9 ± 3.9 | 5.9 | 28.5 | 29 | 175 | |||
| m | slab | Jishu No. 1 | 5.7 | 5.3 | sandstone | Xindian village | 7.8 ± 0.0 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 0 | 38 | 1 | 9.6 ± 2.7 | 5.1 | 15.5 | 9 | 16 | 168 |
| muller | Jishu No. 1 | 3.6 | 2.7 | sandstone | Xindian village | — | — | — | — | — | 9.3 ± 1.8 | 5.3 | 16.0 | 11 | 175 | |||
| n | slab | Jinshu No. 4 | 6.7 | 5.3 | sandstone | Xindian village | 7.3 ± 1.8 | 5.5 | 9.1 | 0 | 27 | 2 | 9.1 ± 2.3 | 5.8 | 14.9 | 7 | 11 | 147 |
| muller | Jinshu No. 4 | 4.2 | 3.0 | sandstone | Xindian village | — | — | — | — | — | 8.5 ± 2.1 | 6.0 | 15.8 | 11 | 145 | |||
| o | slab | Jinsegouweicao | 7.6 | 6.3 | sandstone | Xindian village | — | — | — | — | 21 | — | 8.1 ± 2.0 | 5.5 | 12.3 | 0 | 8 | 146 |
| muller | Jinsegouweicao | 3.7 | 2.8 | shale | Xindian village | — | — | — | — | — | 8.2 ± 2.1 | 5.7 | 11.8 | 0 | 145 | |||
| p | slab | Judagouweicao | 6.7 | 3.7 | sandstone | Xindian village | — | — | — | — | 40 | — | 7.9 ± 1.8 | 5.3 | 10.8 | 0 | 15 | 150 |
| muller | Judagouweicao | 3.8 | 2.1 | sandstone | Xindian village | — | — | — | — | — | 7.7 ± 1.6 | 5.1 | 11.2 | 0 | 172 | |||
| q | slab | Zhouyegouweicao | 6.9 | 4.7 | sandstone | Xindian village | — | — | — | — | 52 | — | 8.0 ± 2.2 | 5.3 | 11.0 | 0 | 19 | 167 |
| muller | Zhouyegouweicao | 4.5 | 2.8 | sandstone | Xindian village | — | — | — | — | — | 7.5 ± 1.7 | 5.1 | 12.0 | 0 | 168 | |||
*Annotation: No starch was collected from the unused facet of the sandstone tools from the group a∼q. “—” Indicates no starch was recovered from the sampled material.