FIGURE 2.

Illustration of the possible role of NOX activation in the development of beta-cell failure, hyperglycemia, and diabetes. Metabolic dysregulation leading to hyperactivity in the NOX-enzymes results in excessive ROS production and oxidative stress. This increased oxidative stress may subsequently be responsible for beta-cell failure, which in turn contributes to increased metabolic dysregulation. Various other factors may also influence these steps in different ways. For instance, diet can contribute to increased oxidative stress directly by containing excessive AGEs, or indirectly by contributing to the metabolic dysregulation. Inhibition of the NOX enzymes seems to be a promising solution for breaking this deleterious cycle.