Table 1.
Overview of literature assessing Long Head of Biceps Disorders without rotator cuff tears.
| Authors | Study type | Surgical procedure | No of cases | Average Age (years) | LHB Disorder | Follow up (months) | Functional outcomes scores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Froimson 197584 | Retrospective case series | Open deltopectoral. Keyhole tenodesis (Floor of bicipital groove) | 12 | 48 (25–61) | Tenosynovitis, Rupture, Subluxation | 24 (2–59) | No |
| Becker 1988 | Retrospective case series | Open deltopectoral (Limited) .30 sutured to prepared bone in bicipital groove. 14 Keyhole tenodesis. 10 Transfer procedures to LHB | 51 | *51 (19–71) | Chronic biciptal tendinitis | 6 (1–36) | No |
| Kelly 2001 | Retrospective case series | Arthroscopic Tenotomy | 30 | 50 (16–75) | LHBT tear, instability and chronic recalcitrant tenosynovitis | 19 (12–69) | ASES |
| Boileau 2009 | Cohort study | Arthroscopic Proximal Biceps tenodesis with interference screw | 25 | 37 (19–57) | SLAP II Tears | 35 (24–69) | CS |
| Tangari 2011 | Retrospective case series | Mini Open without arthroscopic assistance | 5 | 32.6 (28–40) | Acute traumatic LHB ruptures | 91.2 (24–156) | CS, MEPS |
| Delle Rose 2012 | Retrospective comparative review | Arthroscopic Soft tissue tenodesis Vs Tenotomy | 104 | 48.3 (31–65) | Partial tears, tendinoses, Pulley lesions and SLAP | 51.6 (28.8–72) | VAS, DASH, CS |
| Funk 2012 | Retrospective case series | Mini Open Subpectoral. 5 Interference screws. 6 Suture anchors | 11 | 41 (23-65 | Isolated Chronic ruptures | 29(6–60) | No |
| Said 2014 | Retrospective case series | Arthroscopic assisted and Mini Open subpectoral tenodesis with modified bone bridge technique | 30 | (25–48) | Isolated LHB Pathology | 12 to 18 | CS, OSS |
| Shen 2014 | Retrospective case series | Arthroscopic Proximal Biceps tenodesis with suture anchors | 49 | 56(37–65) | Tendinitis, Ruptures, Subluxation and SLAP | 14 (12–34) | CS, ASES, UCLA |
| Werner 201485 | Cohort study | Open Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis Vs Arthroscopic suprapectoral | 82 | Arthroscopic: 49.3 ± 7.2 Open: 52.3 ± 7.7 | Isolated superior labrum or LHB pathology | 37.2 (26.4–64.8) | CS, ASES |
| Gombera 201686 | Cohort study | Open Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis Vs Arthroscopic suprapectoral | 46 | 57.2 (45–70) | Partial LHBT tears, tendinitis, instability or with a tear of the subscapularis, SLAP | 30.1 (21.1–44.9) | ASES |
| Tahal 2017 | Retrospective outcomes data with prospective collected data | Arthroscopic + Open incision for subpectoral tenodesis | 24 | 37 (29–45) | Tenosynovitis | 37.2 (24–87.6) | ASES, SANE, SF12-PCS and MCS, Quick DASH, VAS |
| Vitali 2016 | Retrospective case series | Arthroscopic Biceps tenodesis(PITT technique) | 60 | 48 (22–55) | Tendinosis, tenosynovitis, subluxation, instability. SLAP II and IV | 12 | UCLA, VAS, CS |
| Green 2017 | Retrospective comparative trial | Arthroscopic Suprapectoral Biceps Tenodesis Versus Open Subpectoral | 38 | Open: 56.6 ± 10.7 Arthroscopic: 60.0 ± 10.2 | All Biceps pathology without RCTs | 54 (24–109.2) | VAS, ASES |
| Schoch 2017 | Prospective case series | Arthroscopic assisted + Mini Open Suprapectoral using a suture plate | 50 | 49 (23–75) | Biceps tendinitis, tears, pulley lesions and SLAP | 29 (22–32) | CS, VAS, Scheibel LHBS |
* Median not mean.
** Age in years.
CS- Constant Score. ASES American Shoulder and Elbow Score.
MEPS- Mayo Elbow Performance Score. VAS-Visual Analogue Score.
OSS- Oxford Shoulder Score UCLA-University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Score.
SANE- Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation.
Quick DASH- Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand.
SF-12 PCS and MCS- Short form Physical and Mental Component Summary Score.
Scheibel LHBS- Long Head of Biceps Score.
WOSI- Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Score.