Table 2.

Definitions of the development and research phases.

Phase	Definition and examples
Development phase	Studies could be one of the following: (1) reporting the design and development process of the intervention, following approaches such as Intervention Mapping, participatory design and user-centered design, (2) laboratory studies investigating design-related outcomes (feasibility, usability, and user experience) before the intervention has reached a deployable state of development, and (3) short in-the-wild deployment studies evaluating specific intervention components within a functional prototype before investing in further development.
Feasibility and piloting phase	Studies focused on investigating design-related outcomes of an intervention after it has reached a relatively complete stage of development, where user-related outcomes (behavior change, health and well-being, and productivity) were often measured as secondary outcomes with smaller sample sizes and less rigorous study designs.
Evaluation phase	Studies using a larger sample size and more rigorous study designs to assess important user-related outcomes and establish the efficacy of interventions.
Implementation phase	The intervention has already gone through the evaluation phase and has been used in practice for some time (eg, ≥2 years). As many implementation efforts are not reported, it was expected that this phase would have low representation.