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. 2019 Jan 25;4(1):83–88. doi: 10.1002/lio2.226

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© 2019 The Author. Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Triological Society.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Displacement measures are referenced to position of structures with 1ml bolus held in oral cavity. Note position of hyoid, distance between hyoid and larynx, and pharyngeal area. Marker below chin, indicated by arrow, is 1.9 cm in diameter; this permits conversion of pixels to cm during measurement. Cricopharyngeus muscle at upper esophagus is tonically contracted; Pharyngoesophageal Segment (PES) is closed and not visible. Points of maximum displacement, approximation, opening and constriction are shown in Figure 2.