Table 2.
Measures By Aspiration Category
| Measure | Aspiration Category | Mean | Std. Deviation | 95% Conf. Int. | No. Subjects | P value | Cohen's d (NonAspvs Asp) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyoid Displacement (Hmax) (cm) | NonAsp Asp |
1.94 | .76 | 1.91–1.96 | 2822 | <.001 | ‐.66 |
| 1.43 | .79 | 1.38–1.47 | 1022 | ||||
| Controls | 2.12 | .77 | 2.00–2.24 | 148 | |||
| Hyoid‐Larynx Approximation (HL) (cm) | NonAsp Asp |
1.21 | .58 | 1.19–1.23 | 2736 | <.001 | ‐.50 |
| .91 | .62 | .88–.95 | 1012 | ||||
| Controls | 1.27 | .58 | 1.18–1.37 | 148 | |||
| Pharyngoesophageal Segment Opening (PESmax) (cm) | NonAsp Asp |
.80 | .26 | .79–.80 | 3491 | .001 | ‐.36 |
| .70 | .29 | .67–.72 | 1155 | ||||
| Controls | .88 | .26 | .83–.92 | 148 | |||
| Pharyngeal Constriction Ratio (PCR) | NonAsp Asp |
.19 | .20 | .18–.20 | 2922 | <.001 | .75 |
| .38 | .30 | .37–.39 | 1036 | ||||
| Controls | .07 | .09 | .06–.08 | 148 | |||
| Pharyngeal Transit Time (TPT) (sec) | NonAsp Asp |
1.39 | .59 | 1.36–1.41 | 3557 | <.001 | .49 |
| 1.84 | 1.17 | 1.76–1.88 | 1180 | ||||
| Controls | 1.13 | .44 | 1.06–1.20 | 148 |
Means, standard deviations, and confidence intervals for each measure with age and gender as covariates. For all measures, significant differences are noted. It is apparent that the data for all measures reflect deterioration from control, to non‐aspirators, to aspirators, respectively. HL differed significantly between controls and aspirators (P < .001) and between aspirators and non‐aspirators (P < .001), but not between controls and non‐aspirators. All other measures differed significantly (P < .01) across the three groups. Cohen's d values were used to further compare differences between non‐aspirators and aspirators.