Table 2.

Patterns of Gait Disturbance.

Type of Gait Disturbance	Characteristics
Cautious	Short stride, wide base, short swing phase
Stiff‐legged	Leg circumduction, stiffness, scissoring
Freezing	Arrested movement, especially at gait initiation or direction change
Frontal	Impaired stepping, disequilibrium
Dystonic	Often focal with ankle inversion, hallux extension
Cerebellar	Slow, halting, wide base, truncal instability
Sensory ataxic	High‐steppage, broad‐based, decreased swing phase, associated with sensory deficits
Psychogenic	Slow, rapid fluctations, wastage of muscular effort
Antalgic	Shortened standing phase on affected leg, associated with pain
Paretic	Asymmetric, steppage gait, Trendelenburg sign
Hypokinetic	Small step length, slow, shuffling, diminished arm swing
Dyskinetic	Involuntary movements