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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 21.
Published in final edited form as: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018 Feb 14;11(12):1834–1836. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.12.009

Figure 1. Central pathways and imaging targets for apoptosis.

Figure 1.

Both extrinsic pathway (cell-surface receptors) and intrinsic pathway (mitochondria) activate caspase-3 to finally result in apoptosis. The externalized phospholipid (i.e., PS and PE), activated caspase-3, and dissipated Δψm can be targeted by various radiotracers for noninvasive imaging of apoptosis. PS: phosphatidylserine; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; Δψm: mitochondrial transmembrane potential.