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Signaling pathway activated by OxPAPC. OxPAPC binds to cell membrane chaperon GRP78 and its cofactor HTJ-1 to activate Src/Fyn kinase(s) and its downstream target Akt. Akt transactivates S1P1 and small GTPase Rac1. Also, OxPAPC up-regulates intracellular cAMP, which in turn activates Rap1 and further activates Rac1. Rac1 exerts its activity of cytoskeleton rearrangement through PAK1.
