Table 1.

Characteristics Associated With Lifetime Nicotine Dependence Among New U.S. Army Soldiers (N=30,436)

Characteristic	AOR (95% CI)
Age (ref: 18–20 years)
21–23 years	1.35*** (1.26, 1.44)
≥24 years	1.48*** (1.34, 1.64)
Sex (ref: male)
Female	0.64*** (0.57, 0.70)
Race/ethnicity (ref: white, non-Hispanic)
Black, non-Hispanic	0.27*** (0.23, 0.31)
Hispanic	0.42*** (0.37, 0.47)
Other	0.74*** (0.63, 0.87)
Educational degree (ref: high school)
General equivalency	0.83** (0.73, 0.94)
College	0.37*** (0.30, 0.45)
Nativity (ref: born in U.S.)
Born outside U.S.	0.71*** (0.59, 0.85)
Parents’ education (ref: high school)
Less than high school	0.89 (0.77, 1.03)
College	1.01 (0.94, 1.08)
Childhood maltreatment (ref: none)
Episodic emotional maltreatment	1.38*** (1.23, 1.55)
Frequent emotional and physical maltreatment	1.89*** (1.61, 2.23)
Episodic emotional and sexual abuse	2.18*** (1.72, 2.78)
Frequent emotional, physical, and sexual maltreatment	2.93*** (2.08, 4.12)
Physically bullied during childhood (0–4 rating)	1.03 (0.99, 1.07)
Verbally bullied during childhood (0–4 rating)	1.10*** (1.08, 1.13)
Parent impairment due to substance abuse (reference: none)	1.33*** (1.21, 1.46)

Notes: Boldface indicates statistical significance

^*p<0.05

^**p<0.01

^***p<0.001.

Childhood maltreatment profile was derived in a prior study using latent class analysis. Childhood bullying victimization was quantified using 5-point frequency scales [e.g., 0 (never) to 4 (very often)]. The model also adjusted for site of Basic Combat Training and service component (Regular Army, Army Reserve, or Army National Guard).