Table 1.
Cohort Demographic and Clinical Characteristics (n=5331)
| Variable | n (%) or Mean ±SD |
|---|---|
| Age (Years) | 65.5±8.6 |
| Gender (% Male) | 2683 (50.3) |
| Race (% African American) | 1573 (29.5) |
| Income <$15,000 (%) | 1432 (26.9) |
| Health Insurance (%) | 5136 (96.3) |
| Ambulatory Preventative Care (%) | 5047 (94.7) |
| GOLD Stage | |
| GOLD 0 (%) | 2260 (42.4) |
| GOLD PRISm (%) | 662 (12.4) |
| GOLD I-II (%) | 1602 (30.1) |
| GOLD III-IV (%) | 807 (15.1) |
| Comorbidity Count | 3.4±2.4 |
| Current Smoking (%) | 2022 (37.9) |
| Oxygen Therapy (%) | 648 (12.2) |
| No Exercise in Last 3 Weeks (%) | 2473 (46.4) |
| Unintentional Weight Loss (%) | 594 (11.1) |
| Chronic Bronchitis (%) | 819 (15.4) |
| Six-minute Walk Distance (m) | 392.4±131.9 |
| Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation in the Last 5 Years (%) | 337 (6.7) |
| Inhaled bronchodilators (%) | 5197 (97.5) |
| Inhaled corticosteroids (%) | 1328 (24.9) |
| GOLD ABCD Groups* | |
| Group A | 2180 (40.9) |
| Group B | 1239 (23.2) |
| Group C | 1007 (18.9) |
| Group D | 905 (17.0) |
| Anxiety or Depressive Symptoms | 1332 (25.0) |
| Anxiety Symptoms (HADS-Anxiety ≥8) | 1052 (19.7) |
| Depressive Symptoms (HADS-Depression ≥8) | 696 (13.1) |
| Both Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms | 416 (7.8) |
| Commonly Prescribed Anxiolytic-Hypnotics or Antidepressants | 1135 (21.3) |
| Anxiolytic-Hypnotics | 446 (8.4) |
| Antidepressants | 859 (16.1) |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors | 650 (12.2) |
| Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors | 219 (4.1) |
| Anxiolytic-Hypnotic and Antidepressant | 170 (3.2) |
| Norepinephrine-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor (Bupropion) | 224 (4.2) |
*
See Table 2 for classification. GOLD Group D has highest symptom burden and history of frequent exacerbations.
†
HADS-Anxiety ≥8 or HADS-Depression ≥8 and not an anxiolytic-hypnotic or antidepressant
Abbreviations: GOLD = Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease; PRISm = Preserved Ratio with Impaired Spirometry; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale