Training block types. Schematics of a single trial for each of the three block types: During practice blocks (left panel), listeners were presented two musical-intervals and asked to indicate which of the two was a 4th. The starting pitch of each interval was selected at random, so the two intervals in each trial usually began on a different pitch. During exposure blocks (middle panel), listeners performed a non-auditory symbol-to-number matching task while in the background two examples of a 4th were presented on each “trial”. During silence blocks (right panel), listeners were presented the same visual cues as during practice blocks, but without any sounds, and were asked to respond by making a “guess” for each trial. Listeners were trained using various combinations of the three block types.