Table 1.
Demographic and clinical measures of depressed patients (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 25).
| Measures | Depressed patients | Healthy controls | Statistical analyses | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) [Mean ± SD] | 43.6 ± 14.7 | 37.7 ± 10.6 | t(48) = 1.62, p = 0.111. | |
| Education level (no.) [Mean ± SD] | 13.2 ± 4.0 | 17.1 ± 2.5 | t(47) = −3.98, p < 0.001 | |
| Gender (male/female) [Mean ± SD] | 9/16 | 12/13 | X = 0.74, p = 0.390 | |
| Age at first episode (years) [Mean ± SD] | 29.3 ± 15.5 | ___ | ___ | |
| Number of depressive episodes (no.) [Mean ± SD] | 3.8 ± 2.4 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | t(48) = 7.71, p < 0.001 | |
| Number of hospitalizations (no.) [Mean ± SD] | 2.8 ± 2.4 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | t(48) = 5.83, p < 0.001 | |
| HAM-D total score (no.) [Mean ± SD] | 24.1 ± 5.8 | 1.7 ± 2.2 | t(48) = 18.06, p < 0.001 | |
| HAM-A total score (no.) [Mean ± SD] | 22.6 ± 7.1 | 2.3 ± 2.3 | t(48) = 13.52, p < 0.001 | |
| CGI (no.) [Mean ± SD] | 5.2 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | t(48) = 22.90, p < 0.001 | |
| BSI (no.) [Mean ± SD] | 17.2 ± 11.3 | 3.0 ± 2.8 | t(47) = 6.10, p < 0.001 | |
| Psychiatric medications (no. [%]) | Antidepressants (exclusively) [N (%)] | 1 (4%) | ___ | ___ |
| Mixed groupa [N (%)] | 17 (68%) | ___ | ___ | |
| Without antidepressants [N (%)] | 7 (28%) | ___ | ___ | |
| MMSE total score [Mean ± SD] | 28.2 ± 1.6 | 29.6 ± 0.6 | t(47) = −3.79, p < 0.001 | |
BSI, Brief Symptom Inventory; CGI, Clinical Global Impression; HAM-A, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety; HAM-D, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.
a
Antidepressants with combination of neuroleptics and/or mood stabilizers and/or benzodiazepines.