Table 1.
Application of CRISPR-Cas9 for gene-silencing in filamentous fungi.
| Fungal species | Edited gene | Aim | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alternaria alternata | Polyketide synthase A (pksA) 1,3,8-THN reductase (bmr2) |
Proof of concept | Wenderoth et al., 2017 |
|
Aspergillus aculeatus Aspergillus brasilensis Aspergillus carbonarius Aspergillus luchuensis Aspergillus nidulans Aspergillus niger |
Polyketide synthase (albA) Laccase (yA) |
Proof of concept | Nødvig et al., 2015 |
| Aspergillus carbonarius | Pigment biosynthetic gene (ayg1) | Proof of concept | Weyda et al., 2017 |
| Aspergillus fumigatus | Polyketide synthase P (pksP) | Proof of concept | Zhang et al., 2016 |
|
Aspergillus nidulans
Aspergillus niger Aspergillus oryzae |
Laccase (yA) Polyketide synthase (albA) Polyketide synthase (wA) |
Proof of concept | Nødvig et al., 2018 |
| Aspergillus niger | AMP-dependent synthetase and ligase α-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase Aldo/keto reductase Alcohol dehydrogenase, zinc-binding Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase FAD-dependent oxidoreductase Mandelate racemase/muconate lactonizing enzyme d-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase |
Production of galactaric acid | Kuivanen et al., 2016 |
| Aspergillus niger | Polyketide synthase (albA) | Proof of concept | Zheng et al., 2018 |
| Aspergillus oryzae | Polyketide synthase (wA) Conidial laccase (yA) Orotidine 5-phosphate decarboxylase (pyrG) |
Proof of concept | Katayama et al., 2015 |
| Fusarium graminearum | Histidine kinase 1 (os1) Trichodiene synthase (tri5) |
Proof of concept | Gardiner and Kazan, 2018 |
| Fusarium oxysporum | Orotate phosphoribosiltransferase (ura3, ura5) Polyketide synthase 4 (pks4) |
Proof of concept | Wang et al., 2018 |
|
Ganoderma lucidum
Ganoderma lingzhi |
Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (ura3) | Proof of concept | Qin et al., 2017 |
|
Myceliopthora thermophila
Myceliopthora heterotalica |
Carbon catabolite repression transcription factor (cre-1) Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulator (res-1) β-glucosidase (gh1-1) Alkaline protease (alp-1) |
Enhancement of lignocellulase production | Liu et al., 2017 |
| Neurospora crassa | Carbon catabolism repressor (cre-1) | Enhancement of cellulase production | Matsu-ura et al., 2018 |
| Penicillium chrysogenum | Polyketide synthase (pks17) | Proof of concept | Pohl et al., 2016, 2018 |
| Pyricularia oryzae | Scytalone dehydratase (sdh) suppressor of RAD six (sdr2) |
Proof of concept | Arazoe et al., 2015 |
| Trichoderma reesei | Transcription factor in cellulase biosynthesis (clr2) Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (ura5) Gene putatively involved in glucose signaling and carbon catabolism repression (vib1) Methyltransferase (lae1) |
Proof of concept | Liu et al., 2015 |
| Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | Oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (Ssoah1) Polyketide synthase (Sspks13) |
Proof of concept Pathogenicity test | Li et al., 2018 |
| Ustilago maydis | Central regulator of pathogenic development (bW2) (bE1) | Proof of concept | Schuster et al., 2016 |