Figure 5.

Classification of individual patients using operationalised psychosis and mood spectrum diagnoses

(A) Common primary psychiatric syndromes (n=14) were compared with 50 lower-level features to generate a signature for each syndrome. Subsequently, as illustrated by the example of comparison label, each syndrome was compared with each patient in the psychiatric-described subgroup (n=129) and the non-psychiatric-described subgroup (n=335; the heatmap for both subgroups is in the appendix). (B) Principal component analysis of lower-level features. Jaccard indices were generated to assess the overlaps between the 14 operationalised diagnostic categories and individual patient data. Analysis of the variables contributing to the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) show a clear distribution of patients with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-antibody encephalitis defined by a combination of psychosis and mood dimensions. Overlay of the operationalised diagnoses showed orthogonal vectors from mood (blue) and psychotic (red) categories, with mainly mixed disorders (green) within an intermediate space. Histograms on each axis show the density of data mapped across PC1 and PC2. APPD=acute polymorphic psychotic disorder, Cat Sz=catatonic schizophrenia, D=depression, Heb Sz=hebephrenic schizophrenia, M=mania, NOS=not otherwise specified, PC=principal component, PPP=post-partum psychosis, P Sz=paranoid schizophrenia, Sz=schizophrenia, SzAD=schizoaffective disorder, + cat=with catatonia, + psy=with psychotic features.