FIGURE 1.

Glucose regulates assembly of V-ATPase. V-ATPases are members of the rotary ATPase protein family. V-ATPase has two domains, V₁ (peripheral, subunits A-H) and V_o (membrane, subunits a, c, c’, c”, d, e) that are highly conserved. V₁V_o couples ATP hydrolysis to active transport of protons across membranes, generating an acidic pH in lysosomes/vacuoles, endosomes, and the Golgi (left). V₁V_o separate from each other after glucose depletion, inhibiting V-ATPase function (right). V-ATPase reassembly is triggered by glucose readdition and is intertwined with glycolysis.