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. 2019 Feb 15;10:127. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00127

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Copyright © 2019 Hayek, Rane and Parra.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Signaling pathways interconnecting V-ATPase and glycolysis. V-ATPase assembly, activity, and cellular membrane distribution reflect glucose and energy levels within the cell. PKA, AMPK, and PI3K are the common glucose-sensitive signaling pathways that regulate assembly (i, ii) and trafficking (iii) of V-ATPase in fungi and mammals. Reciprocal regulation of glycolysis by V-ATPase (iv) appears to be unique to mammals and is modulated by alterations in HIF-1. V-ATPase is also crucial for metabolic reprogramming (v); this entails assembly of V-ATPase, aldolase, mTORC1, and AMPK into evolutionarily-conserved super-complexes.