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. 2019 Feb 15;10:141. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00141

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Systemic redox changes are observed after root inoculation with B. japonicum. Leaves of non-inoculated (control, C) and inoculated (I) plants were sampled at different times after root inoculation and (A) total ascorbic acid, and (D) glutathione levels were measured. The reduced/total ratio of (B) ascorbic acid, and (E) glutathione was calculated. MDA content (C) was quantified. Data are means ± SE of three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate significant difference between control and inoculated treatments (p < 0.05, Tukey test).