Table 1. Demographic and characteristics of the enrolled patients according to inhospital mortality and ECMO weaning.
| Characteristics | Survivor vs. non-survivor | Weaning vs. failed weaning | Total (N=135) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survivor (N=35) | Non-survivor (N=100) | P | Weaning (N=53) | Failed weaning (N=82) | P | ||||
| Age (years) | 51.91±17.64 | 62.08±15.40 | 0.002 | 55.43±18.67 | 62.04±14.57 | 0.032 | 59.44±16.56 | ||
| Age subgroup | 0.006 | 0.096 | |||||||
| <50 | 15 (42.86) | 16 (16.00) | 18 (33.96) | 13 (15.85) | 31 (22.96) | ||||
| ≥50 and <60 | 6 (17.14) | 21 (21.00) | 10 (18.87) | 17 (20.73) | 27 (20.00) | ||||
| ≥60 and <70 | 8 (22.86) | 23 (23.00) | 11 (20.75) | 20 (24.39) | 31 (22.96) | ||||
| ≥70 | 6 (17.14) | 40 (40.00) | 14 (26.42) | 32 (39.02) | 46 (34.07) | ||||
| Sex (male/female) | 27/8 | 67/33 | 0.363 | 38/15 | 56/26 | 0.819 | 94/41 | ||
| Height (cm) | 166.69±7.61 | 163.21±8.96 | 0.042 | 165.02±7.99 | 163.52±9.18 | 0.330 | 164.11±8.73 | ||
| Body weight (kg) | 68.63±11.41 | 65.70±10.90 | 0.179 | 67.75±10.88 | 65.63±11.17 | 0.277 | 66.46±11.07 | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.70±3.93 | 24.59±3.16 | 0.870 | 24.85±3.52 | 24.47±3.27 | 0.515 | 24.62±3.36 | ||
| Body mass index subgroup | 0.381 | 0.902 | |||||||
| Normal (18.5–22.9) | 15 (42.86) | 35 (35.00) | 18 (33.96) | 32 (39.02) | 50 (37.04) | ||||
| Overweight (23.0–24.9) | 7 (20.00) | 27 (27.00) | 14 (26.42) | 20 (24.39) | 34 (25.19) | ||||
| Obese (25.0–29.9) | 10 (28.57) | 35 (35.00) | 18 (33.96) | 27 (32.93) | 45 (33.33) | ||||
| Highly obese (≥30) | 3 (8.57) | 3 (3.00) | 3 (5.66) | 3 (3.66) | 6 (4.44) | ||||
| ECMO type (VA/VV-VA/VA-VV/VAV/VA-VAV) | 32/2/0/1/0 | 97/1/1/0/1 | 0.182 | 50/2/0/1/0 | 79/1/1/0/1 | 0.434 | 129/3/1/1/1 | ||
| Anticoagulation (heparin/nafamostat/no) | 14/21/0 | 41/53/6 | 0.311 | 23/30/0 | 32/44/6 | 0.130 | 55/74/6 | ||
| Primary origin (Ca/Re/Se/Tr) | 25/1/8/1 | 80/0/19/1 | 0.273 | 42/1/9/1 | 63/0/18/1 | 0.559 | 105/1/27/2 | ||
| Admission route (ER/GW) | 24/11 | 60/40 | 0.485 | 36/17 | 48/34 | 0.359 | 84/52 | ||
| Arrest occurrence | 16 (45.71) | 85 (85.00) | <0.001 | 31 (58.49) | 70 (85.37) | <0.001 | 101 (74.81) | ||
| Arrest place (out-hospital/in-hospital/no) | 19/10/6 | 15/24/61 | <0.001 | 22/13/18 | 12/21/49 | <0.001 | 34/334/67 | ||
| CPR performance | 17 (48.57) | 85 (85.00) | 0.04 | 32 (60.38) | 70 (85.37) | 0.002 | 102 (75.56) | ||
| CPR time (min) | 34.41±21.15 | 58.75±41.18 | 0.021 | 45.50±42.00 | 58.90±37.95 | 0.114 | 54.69±39.55 | ||
| ECPR | 12 (34.29) | 75 (75.00) | <0.001 | 26 (49.06) | 61 (74.39) | 0.01 | 87 (64.44) | ||
| Operation (no/after OP/with/after ECMO) | 30/2/0/3 | 92/2/2/4 | 0.382 | 47/2/0/4 | 75/2/2/3 | 0.484 | 122/4/2/7 | ||
| ECMO pump type | 0.815 | 0.176 | |||||||
| Cause of death | 0.00±0.00 | 6.39±4.50 | <0.001 | 1.66±3.51 | 6.72±4.44 | <0.001 | 4.73±4.78 | ||
| Survival and weaning | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Survival after successful weaning | 35 (100.00) | 0 (0.0) | 35 (66.04) | 0 (0.0) | 35 (25.93) | ||||
| Successful weaning,.but expired | 0 (0.0) | 18 (18.00) | 18 (33.96) | 0 (0.0) | 82 (60.74) | ||||
| Failed weaning and expired | 0 (0.0) | 82 (82.00) | 0 (0.0) | 82 (100.00) | 18 (13.33) | ||||
| Weaning (success/fail) | 35/0 | 18/82 | <0.001 | 53/0 | 0/82 | <0.001 | 53/82 | ||
| HD stay (days) | 43.37±28.25 | 7.75±9.42 | <0.001 | 33.43±27.41 | 6.35±8.71 | <0.001 | 16.99±22.66 | ||
| ICU stay (days) | 24.06±18.60 | 6.92±7.62 | <0.001 | 20.60±16.88 | 5.39±5.95 | <0.001 | 11.36±13.70 | ||
| ECMO time (hours) | 124.09±76.69 | 91.02±110.09 | 0.055 | 128.13±82.21 | 81.15±111.43 | 0.006 | 99.59±103.24 | ||
| CRRT | 23 (65.71) | 74 (74.00) | 0.472 | 36 (67.92) | 61 (74.39) | 0.535 | 97 (71.85) | ||
| IABP | 4 (11.43) | 18 (18.00) | 0.041 | 6 (11.32) | 16 (19.51) | 0.106 | 22 (16.30) | ||
| ARF | 9 (25.71) | 55 (55.00) | 0.005 | 22 (41.51) | 42 (51.22) | 0.354 | 64 (47.41) | ||
| DM | 8 (22.86) | 43 (43.00) | 0.056 | 15 (28.30) | 36 (43.90) | 0.100 | 51 (37.78) | ||
| Hypertension | 11 (31.43) | 45 (45.00) | 0.229 | 17 (32.08) | 39 (47.56) | 0.109 | 56 (41.48) | ||
| SAPS II | 67.77±20.79 | 90.29±13.31 | <0.001 | 74.91±20.81 | 90.62±13.56 | <0.001 | 84.45±18.40 | ||
| SAPS II (60/cutoff) | 11/24 | 2/98 | <0.001 | 11/42 | 2/80 | <0.001 | 13/122 | ||
| SAPS II (70/cutoff) | 15/20 | 8/92 | <0.001 | 16/37 | 7/75 | 0.002 | 23/112 | ||
| SAPS II (80/cutoff) | 22/13 | 17/83 | <0.001 | 26/27 | 13/69 | <0.001 | 39/96 | ||
| SAPS II (90/cutoff) | 32/3 | 43/57 | <0.001 | 42/11 | 33/49 | <0.001 | 75/60 | ||
| SAPS II (70/80/90/cutoff) | 15/7/10/3 | 8/9/26/57 | <0.001 | 16/10/16/11 | 7/6/20/49 | <0.001 | 23/16/36/60 | ||
| SOFA | 12.63±3.49 | 15.33±2.28 | <0.001 | 13.64±3.35 | 15.27±2.36 | 0.001 | 14.63±2.89 | ||
| PDR | 71.12±30.51 | 94.00±9.36 | <0.001 | 78.96±27.29 | 93.95±9.90 | <0.001 | 88.07±20.06 | ||
| iCK-MB | 24.25±75.01 | 52.66±122.76 | 0.205 | 24.94±66.54 | 58.46±133.23 | 0.092 | 45.30±112.77 | ||
| iTroponin | 7.21±21.03 | 15.79±54.36 | 0.374 | 5.99±17.63 | 18.56±59.85 | 0.145 | 13.51±47.90 | ||
| iBUN | 20.96±21.27 | 25.56±19.61 | 0.247 | 22.48±19.59 | 25.58±20.41 | 0.386 | 24.36±20.07 | ||
| iCr | 1.99±3.64 | 1.86±1.58 | 0.786 | 1.94±3.00 | 1.87±1.68 | 0.861 | 1.90±2.28 | ||
| ipH | 7.14±0.22 | 6.98±0.15 | <0.001 | 7.12±0.20 | 6.98±0.15 | <0.001 | 7.02±0.19 | ||
| Lactate | 7.09±4.93 | 12.11±4.84 | <0.001 | 7.37±4.65 | 12.44±4.86 | <0.001 | 10.70±5.33 | ||
| BNP | 525.29±1164.03 | 798.35±1090.82 | 0.199 | 816.68±1462.18 | 646.40±838.05 | 0.488 | 712.12±1111.37 | ||
| pCK-MB | 175.80±256.60 | 197.36±246.01 | 0.391 | 212.74±279.29 | 178.21±226.29 | 0.457 | 191.77±248.01 | ||
| pTroponin | 50.03±94.51 | 77.65±122.23 | 0.227 | 68.32±102.38 | 71.89±124.57 | 0.862 | 70.49±115.98 | ||
| pBUN | 34.84±20.46 | 38.56±36.49 | 0.460 | 43.59±29.84 | 33.72±34.60 | 0.090 | 37.60±33.05 | ||
| pCr | 2.15±2.17 | 2.17±1.68 | 0.042 | 2.33±1.97 | 2.06±1.70 | 0.090 | 2.17±1.81 | ||
| pTB | 4.61±5.78 | 4.81±8.14 | 0.879 | 6.29±7.34 | 3.77±7.61 | 0.059 | 4.76±7.58 | ||
| ipH (<6.8, <7.0, <7.4, ≥7.4) | 1/8/9/17 | 1/55/36/8 | <0.001 | 2/11/21/19 | 0/52/24/6 | <0.001 | 2/63/45/25 | ||
Continuous variables showing normality were expressed as the arithmetic mean ± standard deviation, and categorical variables were displayed as frequency distributions (percentage). ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; ER, emergency room; VA, venoarterial; VV, venovenous, VAV, venoarterial venous; Ca, cardiac origin; Re, respiratory origin; Se, sepsis origin; Tr, trauma origin; GW, general ward; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ECPR, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; OP, operation; HD, hospitalization day; ICU, intensive care unit; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; IABP, intraaortic balloon pump; ARF, acute renal failure; DM, diabetes mellitus; SAPS II, simplified acute physiology Score II; SOFA, sepsis-related organ failure assessment; PDR, predicted death rate; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; CK-MB, creatine kinase MB isoenzyme; TB, total bilirubin; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide.