Table 3.

Surgical recovery parameters in patients in the ERAS and control groups.

Parameter	ERAS	Control	P
First intake of clear liquid, hours	2.5 ± 0.6	30.1 ± 12.9	<0.001
First ambulation, hours	8.7 ± 2.2	73.1 ± 4.7	<0.001
First anal exhaust, hours	8.8 ± 7.1	30.6 ± 23.3	<0.001
First defecation, hours	17.0 ± 5.0	81.1 ± 36.2	<0.001
Ureteral catheter removal, days	6.5 ± 0.5	6.6 ± 0.7	0.246
Drainage-tube removal, days	2.5 ± 0.5	7.8 ± 1.1	<0.001
LOS, days	3.8 ± 1.7	9.2 ± 2.7	<0.001
LOS in patients without complications, days	3.3 ± 0.4	8.0 ± 0.8	<0.001
Hospitalization cost, thousand USD	6.1 ± 0.4	7.2 ± 0.4	<0.001
Operation time, minutes	102.0± 24.0	106.0±32.1	0.154
Blood loss, mL	151.1±32.5	164.3±41.5	0.143
Postoperative complications, n (%)	11 (8.9)	22 (13.4)	0.036
Vomiting	6 (4.8)	7 (4.3)
Urine leakage	0	2 (1.2)
Intestinal obstruction	0	3 (1.8)
Pneumonia	2 (1.6)	4 (2.4)
Urinary tract infection	2 (1.6)	3 (1.8)
Deep venous thrombosis	0	1 (0.6)
Other*	1 (0.8)	2 (1.2)

LOS, length of stay; USD, US dollars. All time data and hospitalization costs shown as mean ± standard deviation.

*One case of atrial fibrillation in the ERAS group and one case of urinary incontinence and one stress ulcer in the control group.