Expression, purification, and enzymatic activity of pCsAlaDC protein. (A) Gel image of pCsAlaDC protein expressed in Escherichia coli. Lanes 1–3 represent the marker, target protein, and total protein. (B) Measurement of AlaDC activity of the target protein. The assays were conducted by detecting the formation of ethylamine in the reaction mixture containing alanine after 2 h and 24 h of reaction at 35 °C. Error bars indicate the standard errors across three replicates. (C, D) Chromatogram for the decarboxylation of Ala (C) and Ser (D) catalyzed by pCsAlaDC. C-a~d (or D-a~d), the reaction buffer containing Ala (or Ser), ethylamine (or ethanolamine), pCsAlaDC, pCsAlaDC, and Ala. Peak I represents substrate Ala (or Ser), peak II represents the production ethylamine (or ethanolamine).