Table 1.
Effect of antioxidant strategies on colistin pharmacokinetics (PK) and kidney function.
| Compounds | Species | Colistin PK | Kidney Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascorbate | rat | ⇑ AUC ⇑ vd |
⇓ NGAL ⇓ apoptosis |
[74] |
| human | ⇔ AUC | ⇔ NGAL ⇔ NAG |
[73] | |
| α-Tocopherol | rabbit | ND | ⇓ sCRE ⇓ BUN |
[75] |
| Baicalein | mouse | ND | ⇓ BUN ⇓ sCRE |
[76] |
| Cilastatin | mouse | ND | ⇓ NGAL ⇓ KIM-1 |
[77] |
| Curcumin | rat | ND | ⇓ MDA ⇓ NO ⇓ inflammation |
[78] |
| Gelofusin | mouse | ND | ⇓ necrosis ⇓ inflammation |
[79] |
| rat | ⇔ AUC ⇔ vd |
ND | ||
| Proanthocyanidin | rat | ND | ⇓ BUN ⇓ sCRE ⇓ iNOS |
[80] |
| Luteolin | rat | ND | ⇓ sCRE ⇓ apoptosis |
[81] |
| Lycopene | mouse | ND | ⇓ sCRE ⇓ BUN ⇓ apoptosis ⇓ necrosis |
[82] |
| Melatonin | rat | ⇑ AUC ⇑ vd |
⇓ NGAL ⇓ sCRE |
[83] |
| N-acetylcysteine | rat | ND | ⇓ SOD ⇓ NO |
[84,85] |
| Sylibin | rat | ND | ⇓ NAG ⇓ Urea ⇓ sCRE ⇓ Urate ⇓Na+, K+ |
[86] |
| Taurin | mouse | ND | ⇓ sCRE ⇓ BUN |
[87] |
| Vitamin E | rat | ND | ⇓ uGGT ⇓ MDA |
[88] |
AUC, area under the curve; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; MDA, malondialdehyde NAG, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase; ND, not determined; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; NO, nitric oxide; sCRE, serum creatinine; SOD, superoxide dismutase; uGGT, urine γ-glutamyl-transferase; vd, volume distribution.