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. 2019 Jan 22;24(3):378. doi: 10.3390/molecules24030378

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Overview of bacterial virulence pathways that have been targeted for inhibition via SBDD. Pathogen adhesion to the host cell; 1. Inhibitors of pili biogenesis and assembly (e.g., chaperone/usher pathway). Folding and disulfide bond formation in secreted virulence factors; 2. Inhibitors of periplasmic thiol oxidoreductase (e.g., DsbA). Virulence effector injection into the host cell; 3. Inhibitors of the type 3 secretion system (T3SS). Acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing signal generation; 4. Inhibition of AHL synthase (e.g., LasI). Effector protein toxicity; 5. Toxin neutralization to prevent host cell damage. Toxin protein secretion into the extracellular milieu; 6. Inhibitors of the type 2 secretion system (T2SS) to block toxin translocation across the outer membrane. Transcriptional activation of virulence genes in response to stress or quorum signals; 7. Inhibitors of AHL binding to cognate transcription regulators (e.g., LasR).