Figure 1.

Non-destructive sampling of biogenic volatiles emitted by the whole cluster of grapes on a vine. Schematic of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) film chambers used for short-term enclosing of growing clusters of cold-hardy grapes during in-vivo sampling of volatile emissions using solid-phase microextraction (SPME). An aluminum wire cage was constructed to hold the PVF chamber spread around and to be secured to the grape vine’s training system. The PVF chamber was modified with a custom polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) port fitted with 11 mm PTFE lined silicone septa (SPME sampling port).