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. 2019 Feb 10;24(3):611. doi: 10.3390/molecules24030611

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Representation of retro-Diels-Alder reaction (rDA), a typical charge remote process on protonated theophylline. The neutral molecule eliminated here is a characteristic loss for other xanthines as well. The name charge remote reflects that the reaction takes place without the involvement of the ionizing proton. Therefore, the exact site of ionizing proton is usually not depicted.